El i-hydrogen Ingesinye sezakhi zamakhemikhali ezibaluleke kakhulu ezikhona kunoma iyiphi indawo yokubuka, okuyiyona impela echichima kakhulu kulo lonke umthala ngenxa yephesenti elilinganiselwa ku-84%.
Nganoma ngubani wethu uyabonakala ngenxa yokuba setafuleni lesikhathi samakhemikhali ngaphansi kophawu H futhi nokuba nenani le-athomu lika-1. Ake sibone uyini umjikelezo we-hydrogen.
Yini i-hydrogen?
I-Hydrogen iyinto yokuqala etafuleni lezinsuku. Kuyinto elula kunazo zonke, kodwa futhi iningi kakhulu endaweni yonke. Emhlabeni wethu, isesimweni samanzi (H2O), emoyeni ukuthi siyaphefumula futhi kukho konke okuphilayo ukuthi sihlala kuwo.
Kuyinto a igesi engenambala, i-inodoro e akunambitha futhi kuyisici esibalulekile ekwakheni amanzi, kanye nezinto eziphilayo. Kukhona ama-isotopes ama-3 e-hydrogen: i-protium, etholakala ngaphezu kwe-99,98% yengxenye yemvelo; i-deuterium, etholakala emvelweni ngo-0,02%, kanye ne-tritium ebonakala ngamanani amancane kakhulu emvelweni wemvelo futhi engakhiqizwa ngokwenziwa ukusabela kwenuzi. Ngokulandelayo sizobona ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani umjikelezo we-hydrogen.
Unjani umjikelezo we-hydrogen?
Amandla eza kithi avela elangeni nasemandleni adonsela phansi enza amanzi asuke esimweni somzimba esiya kwesinye, ahamba phakathi kwezilwandle, umoya, uqweqwe lomhlaba nezidalwa eziphilayo. Izinqubo eziyinhloko zomjikelezo we-hydrogen yilezi:
- Umhwamuko: Yisimo lapho amanzi ephenduka khona umusi. La manzi aqhamuka ekujulukeni kwezilwane nokujuluka kwezitshalo, okunikela ngo-10% emanzini afakwa emkhathini.
- Ukuqina: umphunga wamanzi uyakhuphuka futhi, ngokwenza njalo, ujijisana namaconsi azokwakha amafu.
- Umjuluko, inqubo lapho amanzi emunzwa khona yizimpande zezitshalo futhi adlule ezimbotsheni zamaqabunga awo ukuze ahwamukele emkhathini.
- Isimanga: ikhiqizwa lapho amaconsi amanzi ephola phansi futhi ehlangana akhe amathonsi amakhulu agcina eshesha ngenxa yesisindo sawo esikhulu.
- Ukuqiniswa: kwenzeka lapho umhwamuko wamanzi noma amanzi ngaphakathi kwefu eba yiqhwa, awe njengeqhwa noma isichotho.
- I-Fusion: yilapho iqhwa liba uketshezi.
- Ukungena: kwenzeka lapho ekugcineni amanzi efika emhlabathini bese ewungena, ngaleyo ndlela afinyelele emanzini nasezimpandeni zezitshalo.
- Ukugijima: kuyindlela lapho amanzi oketshezi ehla khona ebusweni bomhlaba.
- Ukusakazwa komhlaba: amanzi angamanzi aqhubeka nokuhamba aze afinyelele ezitshalweni eziningi, noma emifuleni noma olwandle
Lapho sesifinyelele enqubeni yokugcina, iyaqala kabusha futhi umjikelezo we-hydrogen uqala futhi.
Ungena kanjani emzimbeni wethu?
Yize sazi ukuthi kuyinto etholakala ku-Universe, kodwa iyindlala emhlabeni. Ngakho ake sibone ifika kanjani i-hydrogen emzimbeni wethu.
Umzimba wethu wakhiwe ngamanzi angama-70%, ngakho-ke kubalulekile kithina. I-Hydrogen bamba iqhaza en ibhalansi ye-pH yomzimba kanye nebhalansi yomzimba ye-electrolyte, ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuhle kwamangqamuzana (ukuphefumula, ukondleka, ukuqeda imfucuza nokukhiqizwa kwamaseli). Ukuntuleka kwalesi sakhi kungadala ukungalingani emzimbeni we-pH nama-electrolyte, okungasigulisa.
Le nto sikuthola ngesimo samanzi nasekudleni okune-asidi, njengalamalamula, amawolintshi noma ama-mandarin, ngamafuphi, ezihlahleni zezithelo ezaziwa ngokuthi ezisawolintshi, ukuze nje siphuze futhi sizidle ukuze sikwazi ukuthola i-hydrogen.
Kufinyelela kanjani ezitshalweni?
Izitshalo, njengezinye izidalwa eziphilayo, zidinga i-hydrogen ukuze zikwazi ukuphila futhi zikhule ngokujwayelekile. Futhi, njengathi, Bayithatha emanzini abayimunca ngezimpande zabo itholakala ngaphansi komhlaba isikhathi esiningi, noma emagatsheni ezinye izitshalo, njenge-orchid epiphytic yohlobo lwe-Phalaenopsis, ngokwesibonelo.
Amanzi a ingxenye ebalulekile ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali kwe i-photosynthesis, futhi kuyizindlela ezidingekayo ukuze izakhi zamakhemikhali zincibilike futhi zitholakalele izitshalo ukuthi zizisebenzise futhi zikhule.
Isetshenziselwani i-hydrogen?
I-Hydrogen iyinto ethakazelisa kakhulu, njengoba ingasetshenziswa njenge fuel kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka njengoba kungumthombo wamandla ohlanzekile futhi ovuselelekayo. I-NASA iyisebenzisa kumarokhethi ayo kanye ne-fluorine noma i-oxygen ukuyifaka esikhaleni, ngoba iyinto evuthayo kunazo zonke ezaziwayo.
Ezingeni lezimboni lisetshenziselwa Ukucwengwa kukaphethiloli njengamafutha naku ukususwa kwesibabule, Ngaphezu kwe thola amafutha aqinile kumafutha emifino iziphuzo ezingagcwalisiwe. Kepha ukusetshenziswa kwayo okusabalele kakhulu kufayela le- ukukhiqizwa kwe-ammonia, njengoba i-molecule eyodwa yeNitrogen ibopha ama-3 e-hydrogen, akha i-NH3.
Itholakala kanjani?
Indlela ephephe kunazo zonke yokuyithola ivela ku- i-electrolysis yamanzi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziselwa le njongo ama-hydrocarbon, igesi yemvelo, uwoyela ongahluziwe noma uwoyela kaphethiloli.
Izingozi ze-Hydrogen
Yize kubalulekile kithi ukuthi siphile, futhi kuyingozi kakhulu. Ikona evutha kakhulu, futhi uma kuhlanganiswe nomoya kuyaqhuma. Sengathi lokho bekunganele, uma sidonsa ukugxila okukhulu kwaleli gesi sizoba nokushoda komoya-mpilo; futhi isimo sethu sizoba sibi kakhulu uma sinesifo sokuphefumula.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile linganisa ukugxila kwalesi sakhi ngomtshina ofanele wegesi (imitshina ejwayelekile evuthayo evuthayo ayikho).
Futhi ngalokhu senziwe. Ngiyethemba manje usuyazi kabanzi, hhayi kuphela ngomjikelezo we-hydrogen, kodwa nangokuthile.