Zonke izitshalo, kanye no-algae kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo, ezihlala kule planethi ziguquke ngendlela yokuthi zikwazi ukwenza okuthile okungekho silwane esingakwenza: ukuguqula amandla eLanga abe ngukudla, okuzosetshenziselwa ukukhula, ukuthuthukisa, ukwanda, ukumelana nezifo nezinye izinkinga ezingase zivele, njengesomiso noma izikhukhula.
Le yinqubo esiyazi njenge i-photosynthesis, esizochaza ngakho konke okumele ukwazi ngoba kubalulekile, hhayi kuphela izitshalo uqobo, kodwa futhi nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo ezidinga umoya-mpilo ukuze ziphefumule.
Yini i-photosynthesis?
Impendulo emfushane yile elandelayo: inqubo izitshalo eziguqula ngayo amandla elanga abe ngukudla (ikakhulu ushukela nosawoti wamaminerali); kepha ngeke sihlale nalokhu. Njengoba kuyinqubo edingeka ngokweqile kubantu abaphilayo, sizokumba sijule.
Futhi sizoqala ngokuchaza ukuthi iziphi izinto ezibandakanyekayo enqubeni; Ngale ndlela, incazelo, yize ibanzi kakhulu, kuzoba lula ukuyiqonda:
- Ukukhanya kwelanga: kubalulekile ukuthi kwenziwe. Imisebe yenkanyezi yenkosi iba nomthelela emaqabungeni, lapho i-chlorophyll izowangena khona.
- I-chlorophyll: yi-pigment ebhekele umbala ohlaza okotshani wamaqabunga kanye neziqu zethenda zezitshalo. Itholakala ku-chloroplast, okuyi-organelle etholakala kumaseli ezitshalo.
- I-Carbon dioxide: imuncwa ngama-pores, abizwa nge-stomata, amaqabunga. Kusemoyeni.
- Amanzi: ezothuthwa kusuka ezimpandeni kuya emaqabungeni.
- Oxygen: kungumkhiqizo wenqubo. Amaqabunga ayixosha nge-stomata.
Izigaba ze-photosynthesis
Izigaba zenqubo zimi kanje:
Isigaba sokukhanya
Amaqabunga, njengoba sesiphawulile, aqukethe i-chlorophyll, engenye yezingulube zayo ezinkulu, futhi enesibopho sombala oluhlaza okotshani, kepha futhi nokumunca ubude bokukhanya obuhambisana nemibala e-violet, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu. Ngokwenza kanjalo, i-molecule yamanzi (H2O) iyawohloka, ukuze i-hydrogen (H) ne-oxygen (O) zehlukaniswe. Lesi sakamuva sikhishelwa emoyeni, futhi amandla angasetshenziswanga agcinwa kuma-molecule e-ATP.
Isigaba esimnyama
Lesi sigaba senzeka ku-stroma se-chloroplast, okuyisifunda esinamanzi esiboshwe ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi. Ibizwa kanjalo ngoba ukukhanya kwelanga akudingekile. Ikhiqizwa lapho i-hydrogen ehlukanisiwe ingeza kwi-carbon dioxide (CO2), okuholela ekukhiqizweni, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ama-carbohydrate (ushukela). Phakathi nale nqubo, amaqabunga asebenzisa amandla agcinwe kuma-molecule e-ATP.
Uhlelo lwe-photosynthesis
Isithombe: http://elesquema.blogspot.com.es/2010/10/la-fotosintesis.html
Ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi iqukethe ini, nginamathisela lo mdwebo:
Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwe-photosynthesis
Ingabe okulandelayo:
6 CO2 (isikhutha) + 6 H20 (amanzi) + C6H12O6 (ushukela) + amandla avela elangeni + 6O2 (oxygen)
Ukubaluleka kwe-photosynthesis
Ngubani omunye onganciki kakhulu ku-photosynthesis eyenziwa yizidalwa zezitshalo nsuku zonke. Sibonga nje ukuthi izilwane eziningi zikhipha umoya-mpilo, kufaka phakathi abantu, Kungaba khona. Kepha akudingeki nje kuphela ukuthi sicabange ngokubaluleka esinakho kithina, kepha nangezitshalo uqobo lwazo, futhi ekugcineni, nochungechunge lokudla.
Izitshalo ziyisisekelo salolu chungechunge, kepha uma bezingakwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesis, noma bezingeke zibe khona, noma bezizoguquka ngenye indlela, ngakho-ke, lolu chungechunge beluyohluka kakhulu kunalolo esaziyo futhi sonke esiyingxenye yalo .
I-photosynthesis nesimo sezulu
Izitshalo zingabahlanganyeli bethu abakhulu ukulwa nokunyuka kwamazinga okushisa abangelwa ukwanda kwamazinga e-carbon dioxide emoyeni. Ngokumunca lo gesi, gcina i-air cleaner, sivimbela impilo yethu ekulimaleni.
Ungayichaza kanjani i-photosynthesis ezinganeni
Uma unezingane futhi ufuna ukuchaza ukuthi yini i-photosynthesis, ungabatshela lokho inqubo lapho izitshalo zingondla khona, ngakho-ke zikhule futhi zikhule. Ukuze bakwazi ukwenza lokhu, badinga i-chlorophyll, okuyinto eluhlaza enikeza amaqabunga umbala oluhlaza futhi enesibopho sokumunca ukukhanya kwelanga.Kusukela lapho kuqhubeke, nange-carbon dioxide amaqabunga nawo amunce, siguqula ubisi oluhlaza (amanzi nezakhamzimba ezincibilikisiwe) zibe ushukela osetshenzisiwe (ushukela nosawoti wamaminerali), okuwukudla kwesitshalo.
Izitshalo nazo zidinga umoya-mpilo
Ngaphambi kokuqeda, ngithanda ukufaka okuthile engicabanga ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu: zonke izitshalo ziphefumulaFuthi bayakwenza, njengawe nami, amahora angama-24 ngosuku, kuphela abanawo amaphaphu. Nge-stomata, ukuvuleka okuncane kweziqu okubizwa ngokuthi ama-lenticel, nezinwele zezimpande ezimpandeni, kumunca umoya-mpilo futhi kukhiphe isikhutha.
Kodwa-ke, ukuphefumula kukhiqiza ukujuluka noma ukulahleka kwamanzi, ukuze kuthi uma izimo ezikhulayo zingafaneleki, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu noma ngenxa yokuthi kade ingani imvula isikhathi eside, i-stomata ingahlala ivaliwe isikhathi esithile Isikhathi esilinganiselwe. Uma kwenzeka isimo sihlala isikhathi eside noma siba sibi, ezinye izitshalo, ezinjenge-arboreal aloes ezikhula ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, zidela ingxenye yamagatsha azo bese zivala amanxeba.
Ngabe ukuthole kuthakazelisa? 🙂