Kutholakala eNingizimu Melika, i- I-Mayan Babengomunye wemiphakathi ehlala isikhathi eside eMhlabeni engakaze ibonwe. Kuhlala cishe iminyaka engama-3.000 XNUMX, laba bantu babengabasunguli bolimi olubhaliwe lwaseMelika ezikhathini zangaphambi kweColombia. Isici sayo ingubo yemayan kepha futhi babeyizazi zezibalo, isayensi yezinkanyezi, futhi, nakwezobuciko.
Yize noma kusekhona labo abakholelwa ukuthi babengamahloni namuhla, empeleni badlula kuphela ezikhathini ezinesiyaluyalu ngasekupheleni kwesikhathi sabo, lapho izinsiza zaqala ukuswela. Njengamanje, kusenenzalo ethile yale mpucuko, elwela ukugcina isiko labo liphila, kanye nelabo ingubo yemayan, esizokhuluma ngayo kulokhu okukhethekile.
Umsuka wesiko lamaMaya
Ngaphambi kokuthi singene odabeni, ake sazi ayengobani ama-mayan wawuyini umsuka wenye yezimpucuko ezindala emhlabeni. Besingacabanga ukuthi bangabomdabu baseNingizimu Melika, ngoba phela, yilapho bebehlala khona; kodwa ngabe sinephutha. Empeleni, yaqhamuka eNyakatho Melika, ukusuka lapho ngemuva kokuhamba iminyaka bedabula indawo yeNingizimu Melika, ekugcineni banquma ukuhlala eNhlonhlweni Yucatan nasezindaweni ezizungezile, cishe ngonyaka ka-900 a. C.
Indawo abahlala kuyo ihlukaniswe izifunda ezimbili:
- Izinkangala, okuyilapho sithola khona namuhla ama-republic ase-El Salvador naseGuatemala, nalapho, naphezu kwezimo ezinhle zomhlaba, bekungabalulekanga kangako kumaMaya.
- Izindawo eziphansi, ezinendawo enamatshe amatshe aminyene eniselwa kahle yimifula egelezela eCaribbean naseGulf of Mexico.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwemiphakathi yamaMaya kwakugxile kakhulu emadolobheni amathathu: I-Chichen-Itzá, UMayapan y Okubuhlungu. Ngo-1004 kwasungulwa ubumbano lwamaMaya, olwahlanganisa le mizi emithathu. Maningi amadolobha namadolobha adalwa eminyakeni engama-3 eyalandela, kepha phakathi kwekhulu le-200 nele-1697, amadolobha eMfelandawonye kaMayan aba nezingxabano. Kwaba lapho-ke ngenkathi ingena enkathini yokwehla, okwakuyogcina ngokunyamalala cishe ngokuphelele kwesiko lamaMaya ngonyaka we-XNUMX.
Ngenhlanhla, futhi njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, le mpucuko lisekhona. Futhi ngethemba leminyaka eminingi. AmaMeya, eqinisweni, aqhubeka nokugqoka njengoba kwenza okhokho bawo futhi awanakekela Amasiko emeya iphelele.
Izembatho zamaMaya
Izingubo zaseMayan zinemibala egqamile, kepha futhi ilula futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, Kusebenza. Ngokuya ngendawo kanye nezimo zezulu, izingubo zazikhanya ngokwengeziwe. Ngezansi unesigaba lapho ungabona khona izinhlobo zokugqoka zamaMaya:
Izindawo ezifudumele
Lapho uhlala endaweni lapho amazinga okushisa angaba phezulu kakhulu, akukho okungcono ukugqoka izingubo ezipholile, evimbela ukukhanya kwelanga.
Izembatho zeMayan zabesifazane baseMayan zaziqukethe izingubo ezilula kakhulu, mhlophe ngombala ofinyelela emadolweni; esimweni samadoda, babegqoka uhlobo oluthile lwamabhulukwe okuthiwa pathi, nesifuba siveziwe. Bobabili babegqoka ama-ponchos emibalabala kakhulu ayebahlukanisa kwezinye izifunda.
Izindawo ezibandayo
Ezindaweni ezibandayo, amaMaya kwakudingeka azivikele emazingeni okushisa angahle aphole kakhulu, ngakho-ke babegqoka izingubo ezinemibala egqamile, njengokubomvu, ophuzi noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Bavikele amakhanda nezingalo zabo nge-poncho.
Izicukuthwane, ezazinezimpahla zokugqoka eziningi
Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi kungenjalo, isampula elibanzi lokugqokiswa kwezingubo zaseMayan libonakala kwabasebukhosini, lapho ubungabona khona izingubo ezinemiklamo nemifekethiso ehlotshiswe ngezimpaphe ezinemibala, lokhu kuhambisana nemigexo, amabhande nezinye izesekeli. Kuhlotshiswe ngamagugu, inakho ngikwazile ukuthola izimbadada zesikhumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaminerali ahlukahlukene asetshenziselwa ngobuhlakani ukudaya izindwangu futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwakha ubukhazikhazi obukhulu bobuhle esaziyo ngabo.
Babejwayele ukuhlobisa ikhanda labo ngezikhafu, amabhande asekhanda, izigqoko, izimpaphe, njll. Ngesikhathi semicimbi ebalulekile nasemicimbini, kabanqeni ukumboza umzimba wabo ngobucwebe obuningi. Ngakho-ke bangasebenzisa izingubo zabo njenge ukukhombisa inhlonipho.
Izembatho zamaMaya, ngaphezu kokuvikelwa
AmaMayan akholelwa ukuthi abesifazane bathola isipho sokweluka njengesipho esivela kunkulunkulukazi u-Ixchel (Unkulunkulukazi Wenyanga), ngakho-ke imvunulo akuzona nje izindwangu ezikuvikela ezimweni sezulu esibi, kodwa futhi ithole incazelo engcwele.
AbaseMayan babethanda ukugqoka kahle, nazo zonke izesekeli abazibona zidingekile ngokwesigaba sabo senhlalo nesifunda. Lokhu kungenye yezimpawu zayo eziyinhloko, i- »izigxivizo zeminwe»Lokho kubahlukanise namanye amasiko wangaphambi kweColombia.
Impucuko yamaMaya ibingenye yezichume kakhulu futhi, futhi, enye yezinto eziphambili kakhulu zesikhathi sayo. Kakhulu kangangoba, nanamuhla intuthuko yayo kwizibalo nesayensi yezinkanyezi ayinakuchazwa maqondana nemvelaphi yayo.
Ubuwazi izimpahla zaseMayan? Ucabangani?
