Babengobani I-Mayan? AmaMaya abe ngomunye wabantu ababaluleke kakhulu ezwenikazi laseMelika kanye nasemhlabeni. Lesi siko saseMesoamerican sangaphambi kukaColumbian sazalwa cishe ngonyaka wama-2600 BC Ngenkathi iningi labantu lihlala emaqenjini ayimizulane lihlala lifuna ukudla, amanzi nendawo ephephile yokulala, lakha izindlu namathempeli lapho kwakhiwa khona isiko elizokwenza bahlukile.
Ngalesi sizathu, lapho sazi ukuthi babengobani la madoda, abesifazane nezingane abaphila isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba uChristopher Columbus afike eMelika, singasho ngaphandle kokungabaza ukuthi babengabantu ababephambili kakhulu.
Aphi amaMaya?
Ukuqonda ukuthi babengobani amaMaya, kufanele siqale sazi ukuthi bakuphi. Ngokuyinhloko leli dolobha elinikeze umhlaba izinkolelo ezinkulu nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, yathuthukiswa endaweni eseningizimu ye I-México, ikakhulukazi ku- Yucatán futhi futhi ngaphakathi kwendawo ye IGuatemala neHonduras.
Bathola ezinye zezindawo ezinhle kakhulu ezingaba khona eMelika: ingxenye enkulu yendawo yayo ithafa elikhulu elinamagquma nezintaba ezimbalwa ezimbozwe ihlathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunamachibi ayishumi nane awela umsele wamanzi wamanzi wasePetén (eGuatemala).
Umlando wamaMaya
Umlando wamaMaya uhlukaniswe izikhathi ezine: kwakudala (8000-2000 BC), preclassic (2000 BC-250 AD), Classic (250 950 AD) futhi postclassic (950-1539 AD). Futhi asikwazi ukukhohlwa ngakho isikhathi sokuxhumana, okuyilapho amaSpanish afika eMelika, phakathi kuka-1511 no-1697 AD. C., unyaka lapho impucuko ethathwa njenganyamalala.
Kodwa kwenzekani kuleyo minyaka? Uma sikhuluma ngeminyaka, yebo, siyabona ukuthi impela amaMaya aphila kudala, kepha kwenzekani ngawo? Yini abayenzile ukuzibheka njengomunye wemiphakathi ethuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni? Kanjalo.
Umlando wamaMaya uqala njengalowo weminye imiphakathi emikhulu: bebefuna indawo yokuhlala. Endabeni yabaphikisi bethu, indawo yokuqala eyakhethwa yiNeck, eBelize, cishe ngonyaka we-2600 BC. C. Ngo-1800 a. C. vele Batshale ummbila, ubhontshisi, isikwashi kanye nopelepele, ukuze kwaziwe ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi owokuqala imiphakathi ehlala phansi owakha uhlobo lobuciko obuzoqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku: izinto zobumba.
Kancane kancane amadolobha aba ngamadolobha, ababenababusi noma amakhosi abo amaMaya. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, esikhathini sasendulo, bakha izikhumbuzo zesikhathi usebenzisa ikhalenda ye-Long Count, okuyikhalenda eliyimpumelelo elingaphindeki laseMesoamerican.
Leyo nkathi yaphawulwa yi usuku lokuhamba phambili emadolobheni kanye nokwakhiwa okukhulu, kanye nokuthuthuka okunengqondo kwezobuciko nobuciko. Kwakunezinhlobonhlobo zamadolobha amadolobha ayebandakanyeka kwinethiwekhi yezivumelwano nobutha.
Nokho, ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX babhekana nokuwa okukhulu kwezepolitiki ngenxa yempi yangaphakathi ababekade behlupheka, isomiso kanye nomthelela onamandla lapho ukugcwala kwabantu kwakuqala ukuba khona emvelweni. Kodwa-ke, amadolobha abalulekile, njengeChichén Itza, ashiywa.
Ekugcineni, abaseSpain "bayixazulula" le nkinga ngendlela yabo: ukwenza amakoloni nokuhlasela lonke elaseMelika, benze ukuthi bonke labo abangafuni ukubathobela banyamalale.
Izintshisakalo zempucuko yaseMeya
Manje njengoba sesazi ukuthi amaMayani ayengobani, ake sibheke ezinye izifiso zale mpucuko. Kufanelekile ukuthi sisho ukuthi le nkambiso yaseCentral American pre-Hispanic yagqama funda futhi ugcine umthaleli, kanye nasekwakhiweni nasekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezinkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le mpucuko enkulu yasendulo yanikezelwa bakha amadolobha abo ngokususelwa ezikhungweni zemikhosi nasemipiramidi kuze kube namuhla limi.
Kuzokuthakazelisa nokwazi ukuthi amaMeya ashiye ifa lawo liqoshwe ematsheni, ngendlela yemilayezo yezinkanyezi kanye ne-esoteric efana neKhalenda labo kanye neziprofetho zabo eziyi-7, okunikeze okuningi okuzokhulunywa ngakho eNtshonalanga, lapho bekukholelwa khona ukuthi ngoDisemba 21 2012, usuku okuphela ngalo ikhalenda leMayan, kwakuzoba ngolokugcina; yize empeleni esinye sezibikezelo zakhe sithi lolo suku luzoba "ukuphela kokwesaba."
Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ngokusho kwamaMeya, umuntu angenza izinto ezimbili: ukondla inzondo yakhe nokuqeda izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, noma ngokuguqukayo aphendukele ebudlelwaneni be-harmonic nendawo yonke futhi aqonde ukuthi akayona into nje iphazili eyengeziwe eyakha iplanethi enguMhlaba, iMilky Way, nakho konke okunye okungaphezu kwemingcele yomthala wethu.
Yize kuyisiko elineminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu ubudala, ngenhlanhla amaMaya, bashiye imibukiso eminingi yamasiko ngempilo yaboKulezi zinsuku, ngenxa yenqwaba yezinsalela zemnyuziyamu nomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wabavubukuli abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba, kungenzeka wazi isici ngasinye sempilo yezakhamizi zakhona namasiko abawaphethe.
Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi imininingwane eminingi ebalulekile ngesiko lamaMeya yacekelwa phansi ngokufika kwamakoloni kwabaseSpain, ababebheka isiko lendawo laseMayan "njengomsebenzi kasathane", kusala nje ukucabanga ngakho konke okwakungaziwa mayelana Mayans uma lonke lolu lwazi lungazange lonakaliswe.
Ngabe unokungabaza mayelana ayengobani ama-mayan futhi lalinjani isiko labo?