Ime kuMzantsi Melika, i IMeya Babengomnye wempucuko ehlala ixesha elide emhlabeni eyakha yabonwa. Ukuhlala malunga neminyaka engama-3.000 XNUMX, aba bantu babengabenzi bolwimi olubhaliweyo lwaseMelika kumaxesha angaphambi kweColombia. Uphawu lwayo Impahla yemeya kodwa babeziingcali kwimathematics, isayensi yeenkwenkwezi kwaye, ewe, nakwezobugcisa.
Nangona kusekho abo bakholelwa ukuba babengabantu abanengcwangu namhlanje, enyanisweni bahamba kuphela ngamaxesha anzima ukuya esiphelweni sexesha labo, xa oovimba baqala ukunqaba. Okwangoku, kusekho inzala yale mpucuko, abo bazama ukugcina inkcubeko yabo iphila, kunye neyabo Ingubo kaMayan, esiza kuthetha ngayo kule nto ikhethekileyo.
Imvelaphi yenkcubeko yamaMaya
Ngaphambi kokuba singene kulo mbandela, masazi ngoobani oomayan yayiyintoni imvelaphi yenye yezona mpucuko zakudala emhlabeni. Singacinga ukuba ngabemi boMzantsi Merika, kuba ngapha koko, kulapho bahlala khona; kodwa siya kuba siphosakele. Inyaniso, bavela kuMntla Merika, Ukusuka apho emva kokuhamba iminyaka eyidlula kummandla woMzantsi Merika, ekugqibeleni bagqiba kwelokuba bahlale kwiYucatan Peninsula nakwimimandla eyingqongileyo, malunga nonyaka ka-900 a. C.
Indawo abahlala kuyo yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini:
- Iindawo eziphakamileyo, kulapho sifumana khona namhlanje iiriphabliki zase-El Salvador naseGuatemala, nalapho, ngaphandle kweemeko ezintle zomhlaba, bekungabalulekanga kangako kumaMaya.
- Iindawo ezisezantsi, ezinendawo yelitye lekalika egalelwe kakuhle yimilambo engena kwiCaribbean nakwiGulf yaseMexico.
Ukuphuhliswa kwemibutho yamaMeya yayijolise ikakhulu kwizixeko ezithathu: IChichen-Itzá, imayapan y Ubushushu. Ngo-1004 ubumbano lukaMaya lwenziwa, olwahlanganisa ezi zixeko zithathu. Zininzi iidolophu nezixeko ezadalwa kule minyaka ingama-3 ilandelayo, kodwa phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-200 neye-1697, izixeko zoMdibaniso waseMayan zaba nempixano. Kwaye kwathi xa kungena ixesha lokuhla, eliza kuphela ekunyamalaleni ngokupheleleyo kwenkcubeko yamaMeya malunga nonyaka we-XNUMX.
Ngethamsanqa, kwaye njengoko besitshilo ekuqaleni, le mpucuko isekhona. Kwaye ngethemba leminyaka emininzi. AmaMeya, ewe, aqhubeka nokunxiba njengookhokho bawo kwaye abagcina Amasiko emaya iphelele.
Impahla kaMaya
Impahla kaMaya inemibala emihle, kodwa ukukhanya kwaye, ngaphezulu kwako konke, iyasebenza. Kuxhomekeke kubume bejografi kunye nemozulu, iimpahla zazinokukhanya okungaphezulu okanye okuncinci. Apha ngezantsi kukho udidi apho unokubona khona iintlobo zeempahla zamaMaya:
Iindawo ezishushu
Xa uhlala kwindawo enamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu, akukho nto ilunge kunxiba iimpahla ezintsha, egxotha ukukhanya kwelanga.
Impahla kaMayan yabasetyhini baseMayan yayiquka ilokhwe elula kakhulu, mhlophe ngombala ofikelela emadolweni; kwimeko yamadoda, babenxiba uhlobo lweebhulukhwe ezibizwa ipati, nesifuba sivelisiwe. Zombini zazinxibe iiponchos ezimibalabala ezimbejembeje ezazizahlula kwezinye iingingqi.
Iindawo ezibandayo
Kwiindawo ezibandayo ama-Mayan kwafuneka azikhusele kumaqondo obushushu anokuphola kakhulu, ke Banxibe iimpahla ezinemibala eqaqambileyo, ezinje ngombala obomvu, yellows kunye neblues. Bazikhusela iintloko neengalo zabo ngeponcho.
Isidwangube, esasineyona mpahla ininzi
Kungenzeka njani ukuba kungenjalo, isampulu ebanzi yesinxibo se-Mayan ibonwa kwi-aristocracy, apho unokubona iimpahla ezinokuyilwa kunye nokuhonjiswa okuhonjiswe ngeentsiba ezinemibala, oku kuhamba kunye nezacholo zomqala, amabhanti kunye nezinye izinto ezihonjiswe ngamatye anqabileyo. nokuba kunokwenzeka ukufumana iimbadada zesikhumba. Ukongeza, iiminerali ezahlukeneyo zazisetyenziswa ngendlela enobuchule yokudaya amalaphu kwaye ke oko kwenza ubukhazikhazi bobuhle esibaziyo ngawo.
Babedla ngokuhombisa iintloko zabo ngezikhafu, iibhanti zentloko, iminqwazi, iintsiba, njl. Ngexesha lemisitho ebalulekileyo kunye namaqela, khange alibazise ukufihla imizimba yabo ngezinto ezininzi zobucwebe. Ke banokusebenzisa iimpahla zabo njenge ukubonisa imbeko.
Impahla kaMayan, ngaphezulu kokhuseleko
AmaMaya ayekholelwa ukuba abantu basetyhini bafumana isipho somluki njengesipho esivela kuthixokazi u-Ixchel (uthixokazi wenyanga), ke isinxibo esi asizizo nje iimpahla ezikukhusela kwimozulu embi, kodwa ifumene intsingiselo engcwele.
AmaMeya ayethanda ukunxiba kakuhle, nazo zonke izixhobo ezizezona zibalulekileyo. Le yenye yeempawu zayo eziphambili, »Iminwe yesazisi»Oko kwahlule kwezinye iinkcubeko zangaphambi kweColombia.
Impucuko kaMayan yayiyeyona ichuma kwaye, enye yezona zihambele phambili zexesha layo. Kakhulu, kangangokuba nanamhlanje ukuqhubela phambili kwayo kwimathematics nakwizazi ngeenkwenkwezi akunakuchazwa ngokunxulumene nemvelaphi yayo.
Ngaba ubuyazi impahla kaMayan? Ucinga ntoni?
