Ngoobani IMeya? AmaMeya angomnye wabantu ababaluleke kakhulu kwilizwekazi laseMelika kunye nehlabathi. Le nkcubeko yase-Mesoamerican yangaphambi kukaColumbian yazalwa malunga nonyaka wama-2600 BC Xa uninzi lwabantu luhlala kumaqela oohlohlesakhe behlala befuna ukutya, amanzi kunye nendawo yokulala ekhuselekileyo, bakha izindlu kunye neetempile apho inkcubeko yaphuhliswa khona. ezizodwa.
Ngesi sizathu, xa sisazi ukuba ngoobani la madoda, abafazi nabantwana abaphila ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba uChristopher Columbus afike eMelika, singatsho ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ukuba babengabantu ababehambele phambili kakhulu.
Ziphi iiMeya ezikhoyo?
Ukuqonda ukuba ngoobani amaMeya, kufuneka kuqala sazi ukuba bakuphi. Ngokusisiseko le dolophu inike ilizwe iinkolelo ezinkulu kunye nenkqubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha, yaphuhliswa kumazantsi e Mekhsikho, ngokukodwa kwi Yucatán Kwaye nakwintsimi ye IGuatemala neHonduras.
Bafumene ezinye zeendawo ezilungileyo ezinokubakho eMelika: inkoliso yommandla wayo ulithafa elibanzi elineenduli ezimbalwa neentaba ezigqunywe ngamahlathi. Ukongeza, kukho amachibi alishumi elinesine awela umjelo wamanzi ophakathi wasePetén (eGuatemala).
Imbali yamaMaya
Imbali yamaMaya ihlukaniswe ngamaxesha amane: yakudala (8000-2000 BC), preclassic (2000 BC-250 AD), yodidi (250 950 AD) kunye Emva kweposi (950-1539 AD). Kananjalo asinakulibala ngayo ixesha lokunxibelelana, eyayilixesha lokufika kweSpanish eMelika, phakathi kuka-1511 no-1697 AD. C., unyaka apho impucuko ithathwa njengeyanyamalala.
Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni ngaloo minyaka? Xa sithetha ngeminyaka, ewe, siyabona ukuba ngenene amaMaya ayephila kudala, kodwa kwenzeka ntoni kuwo? Benze ntoni ukuzijonga njengenye yezona mpucuko ziphucukileyo ehlabathini? Njengokuba.
Imbali yama Mayan iqala njengaleyo yolunye uluntu olukhulu: bebefuna indawo yokuhlala. Kwimeko yabalinganiswa bethu abaphambili, indawo yokuqala ekhethiweyo yayiyiNeck, eBelize, malunga ne-2600 BC. C. Ngowe-1800 a. C. sele Baye balima umbona, iimbotyi, isikwashi kunye nesilili, ukuze yaziwe ukuba ngeli xesha lokuqala Uluntu oluhlala phantsi ngubani ophuhlise uhlobo lobugcisa obuya kuqhubeka unanamhla: iiseramikhi.
Kancinci kancinci iidolophu zaba yimizi, ababenabalawuli okanye ookumkani babo baseMeya. Kwiminyaka kamva, kwixesha lakudala, bakha ezikhumbuzo zomhla usebenzisa ikhalenda yexesha elide, elingaphindiyo ikhalenda yaseMesoamerican.
Elo xesha laphawulwa ngu I-heyday yasedolophini kunye nolwakhiwo olukhulu, kunye nophuhliso olunengqiqo kunye nophuhliso lobugcisa. Kwakukho iindidi ezininzi zedolophu ezazibandakanyeka kuthungelwano lwemanyano kunye nobutshaba.
Nangona kunjalo, Ngexesha lenkulungwane ye-XNUMX bafumana ukuwa okukhulu kwezopolitiko njengesiphumo semfazwe yangaphakathi ababebandezeleka, imbalela kunye nefuthe elinamandla lokuxinana kwabantu kwaqala ukuba nalo kwindalo esingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, izixeko ezibalulekileyo, ezinjengeChichén Itza, zashiywa.
Okokugqibela, abantu baseSpain "bayisombulula" ingxaki ngendlela yabo: bathabathela ikholoni kwaye bahlasela lonke elaseMelika, benza ukuba bonke abo babengafuni ukubathobela banyamalale.
Iminqweno yempucuko kaMaya
Ngoku ukuba siyazi ukuba ngoobani amaMaya, masibone ezinye zezi zinto zifunekayo zale mpucuko. Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba le nkcubeko yase-Central American pre-Hispanic yema ngaphandle funda kwaye uqaphele umnyele, kunye nolwakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo lwezakhiwo ezinkulu. Ukongeza, le mpucuko yakudala yanikezelwa ukwakha izixeko zabo ngokusekelwe kumaziko emisitho kunye neephiramidi kude kube namhla umile.
Iya kuba ngumdla kuwe ukwazi ukuba ama-Mayan ashiye ilifa lawo likrolwe ematyeni, ngohlobo lwemiyalezo yeenkwenkwezi kunye neesoteric ezinje ngeKhalenda yabo kunye neziProfetho zabo ezisi-7, ezinike kakhulu ukuba zithethe eNtshona, apho bekukholelwa khona. ukuba nge-21 kaDisemba ngo-2012, usuku okuphela ngalo ikhalenda kaMayan, yayizakuba yeyokugqibela; nangona enyanisweni esinye sezibikezelo zakhe zisithi loo mhla uyakuba "sisiphelo soloyiko."
Oku kuthetha ukuba, ngokweeMaya, umntu angenza izinto ezimbini: ondle intiyo yakhe kwaye asuse iintlobo zabantu eMhlabeni, okanye ngokuchaseneyo aguqukele kumanyano lwe-harmonic kunye nendalo iphela kwaye aqonde ukuba akangomntu ngaphezulu kwepuzzle eyenza uMhlaba, iMilky Way, nayo yonke into engaphaya kweminyele yethu.
Ngaphandle kokuba iyinkcubeko eneminyaka engaphezu kwesithathu, ngethamsanqa ama Mayan, bashiye imiboniso emininzi yenkcubeko malunga nendlela yabo yokuphilaKule mihla, enkosi kwinani elikhulu lezinto zakudala zemyuziyam kunye nomsebenzi ogqwesileyo ngabembi bezinto zakudala abavela kwihlabathi liphela, kunokwenzeka ukuba wazi imeko nganye yobomi babemi bayo kunye namasiko abawenzayo.
Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba uninzi lweenkcukacha ezibalulekileyo malunga nenkcubeko yamaMaya zatshatyalaliswa ngokufika kwabantu baseSpain, ababethatha inkcubeko yendawo yaseMeyi "njengomsebenzi womtyholi", kuhlala kuphela ukuthelekelela yonke into ebinokwaziwa malunga Mayan, ukuba lonke olu lwazi aluzange lonakaliswe.
Ngaba unawo nawaphi na amathandabuzo malunga ngoobani oomayan kwaye ibiyintoni inkcubeko yabo?