I-Los imifula Yimifudlana yamanzi egeleza ngokuqhubekayo, yokondla izilwane ezahlukahlukene kakhulu, ezasemanzini nezasemhlabeni, kanye nezitshalo. Zibaluleke kakhulu emahlathini, emahlathini nasehlathini, ngoba ngaphandle kwazo izidalwa eziphilayo zingaba nobunzima bokuqhubeka nokuphila.
Emhlabeni kunezinkulungwane zazo, kodwa Uyazi ukuthi yimuphi umfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni? Kuze kube ngu-2008 bekungakacaci ukuthi ngubani obehamba phambili kulolu hlu oluthandekayo.
Uyini umfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni: iNayile noma i-Amazon?
E-Afrika sithola umfula INayile, ebaluleke kakhulu e-Afrika futhi ikakhulukazi e-Egypt, eTanzania, eSudan nase-Ethiopia, okuyilapho amanzi ayo egeleza khona. Kwakungumfula owanikeza impilo komunye wemiphakathi yasendulo kakhulu, owaseGibhithe lasendulo, futhi namuhla uheha izivakashi eziningi nabathandi bomlando wakudala wezwe.
Ithululela oLwandle iMedithera futhi inobude be- 6756 km, okuyinto enhle. Empeleni, kuze kube ngu-2008 wawuthathwa njengomfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni, kepha ... ngabe kunjalo ngempela?
I-Amazon, umfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi iNayile ingumfula obaluleke kakhulu futhi omude kakhulu, kepha eMelika kukhona owudlulayo: i-Amazon. Inobude be- 6992kmNgaphezu kukaNayile, u-236km.Kodwa kungani kwaba nokudideka?
Ngokusobala, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi umfula uvela enyakatho yePeru esikhundleni saseningizimu, kuze kube yilapho iqembu lososayensi lihamba ngomkhankaso oya ePeru. Manje sekuyaziwa ukuthi ugqoka u- a okwesihlanu kwawo wonke amanzi omfula emhlabeni, okwenza kungabi umfula omude kunayo yonke, kodwa futhi ube mkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni.
I-Amazon, ngokungangabazeki, ingumfula obaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni, hhayi ngeze, umthamo wamanzi afinyelela kuwo 300000 m3 / s, enikeza impilo ehlathini elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, okubhekwa njengephaphu lomhlaba wethu.
Lapho libanzi khona lingaba nokufika ku- Amakhilomitha ayi-11 ububanzi, nokuthi ngenkathi eyomile. Ngenkathi yezimvula, indawo enezikhukhula emgodini we-Amazon inyuka iye kumakhilomitha-skwele angama-350.000.
Imunca yonke ingxenye esenyakatho yezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika (cishe ama-40% ngosayizi), kufaka nemvula enamandla. Ngalesi sizathu, ihlala ithwala inani elikhulu lamanzi. Eqinisweni, umlomo wayo - ose-Atlantic Ocean- ubanzi futhi ujulile kangangokuba imikhumbi yasolwandle olujulile ingene maphakathi nezwe izingxenye ezimbili kuphela kwezintathu zobude bomfula.
Impilo emfuleni iAmazon
Ukuba mude kakhulu nokuba se-equator, lo ngumfula ondla izilwane eziningi nezitshalo, njenge:
Izilwane
- I-Chick Spider (I-Theraphosidae): Inobukhulu obuphakathi kuka-5 no-7cm, futhi inombala omnyama noma onsundu. Umzimba wayo uvikelwe ngezinwele. Akuyona ingozi, kepha uma unwele lungena ezicathulweni zakho zemifino ungacasuka.
- Ingelosi yolwandleI-Gymnosomata): iyi-sea slug esobala, ngaphandle kwegobolondo. Lapho ibhukuda, ihambisa izengezo ezifana nezimpiko zengelosi, okuyizona eziyinika igama layo.
- Ugesi kagesi (I-Electrophorus ugesi): ibizwa kanjalo ngoba ingakhipha ugesi ongafinyelela kuma-volts angama-600 lapho isongelwa noma izingela.
- I-hummingbird (I-Trochilinae): Kuyinyoni ejwayelekile yamahlathi emvula aseMelika. Incane kakhulu, kangangoba isisindo sayo sincane ngamagremu ama-2. Idla umpe wezimbali.
- I-Blue macaw (I-Anodorhynchus ntombikayise): Yinyoni enhle ehlala emaqenjini emindeni nokuthi, uma isikhethe umlingani wayo, iyigcina impilo yayo yonke. Idla izithelo nezimbewu.
- Uvemvane Owl (I-Caligo): ingenye yezimvemvane ezinkulu kakhulu. Owesilisa unesisindo esiphakathi kuka-0,9 no-1,5kg nowesifazane ophakathi kuka-0,8 no-1kg. Idla utshani, futhi ingaphila phakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu.
- AmaTetra (iTetra): Yinhlanzi elinganisa u-4,5cm ubude futhi ibomvu ngomugqa ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kagesi kusuka ekhanda kuye ekugcineni komsila. Ihlala ngamaqembu, emanzini aphithizelayo lapho kunezimila eziningi khona.
- I-Piracucú (I-Arapaima): Yizinhlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu ezingenasawoti emhlabeni. Iyakwazi ukukala ngaphezu kuka-3m ubude futhi ibe nesisindo esingaba ngu-250kg. Idla ezinye izinhlanzi nezinye izilwane ezincane ngokuziphonsa emanzini.
Izitshalo zasemanzini
I-water fern (Azola): Inamaqabunga ama-oval ananyathiselwe ngasisekelo. Engxenyeni engenhla yamaqabunga inezinwele eziqinile ezilinganisa u-2,5cm. Ebudaleni bayo, ilinganiselwa ku-2cm.
- I-hyacinth yamanzi (I-Eichhornia): zingakhula zifike ku-90cm ubude. Amaqabunga awo aluhlaza okomnyama futhi ayisiyingi ngesimo.
- Ulethisi wamanzi (Pistia stratiotes): imbozwe izinwele ezinhle phezulu nangaphansi kwengaphandle lesitshalo. Amaqabunga awo angaba ngu-4cm ubude futhi antanta ebusweni bomfula.
- Umnduze wamanzi amakhulu (I-Eichhornia ama-crassipes): uhlala emaphethelweni angajulile emfula. Amaqabunga awo akhula aze afike ku-90cm ububanzi, nezinsipho zokuzivikela ezansi kwamaphakethe ayo ukuze zizivikele ezinhlanzini.
Futhi ngalokhu senziwe. Ubuwazi ukuthi yimuphi umfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni?