Isazi sezinkanyezi sase-Italy, uGalileo Galilei, waya eRoma ngo-1611 kuya khombisa inkantolo kapapa isibonakude sokuqala sezinkanyezi, inguquko yokuguqula eyakhe ngokwakhe futhi eyayinamandla okukhulisa kakhulu umbono wesintu ngaleso sikhathi wendawo yonke.
Kodwa-ke, iSonto lalingenamdlandla ngentuthuko yesayensi, kunalokho, ngoba liveza okuningi elikushumayelayo. Futhi ngakho-ke kwaboniswa ngo-1616, lapho uhlelo lukaCopernicus lwalahlwa njengoluyingozi okholweni futhi noGalileo naye wabizelwa eRoma ukuba axwayiswe ukuthi angalivikeli noma alifundise.
Ngo-1632, uGalileo washicilela incwadi eyayisekela uhlelo lweCopernican - olwalugcina ukuthi uMhlaba uzungeze iLanga hhayi okuphambene nalokho - ngokuphambene nokaPtolemy, owayemele inguquko emcabangweni wesayensi nefilosofi. Njengoba ayesevele exwayisiwe yiSonto ukuthi angahambisani nombono kaCopernicus, UGalileo wabizelwa eRoma ukuze ayoquliswa icala yiNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki futhi waphoqeleka ukuba ahoxise zonke izinkolelo zakhe nemibhalo yakhe.
Ngemuva kokuqulwa kwecala, uGalileo ugwetshwe ukuhlala eSiena, yize kamuva avunyelwa ukuhlala e-Arcetri, ngaseFlorence. Ngaphandle kwesimo sakhe esibuthakathaka, ngisho nobumpumputhe abhekana nabo eminyakeni yakhe yokugcina, isazi sezinkanyezi waqhubeka efuna iqiniso lesayensi kwaze kwaba usuku lokufa kwakheIn 1642.