I-ecosystem yilaa nkqubo yebhayoloji eyenziwe liqela lezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzisanayo kunye nendalo engqongileyo ezihlala kuyo. Kukho ubudlelwane obuninzi obukhoyo phakathi kweentlobo kunye naphakathi kwabantu bohlobo olufanayo. Izidalwa eziphilayo zidinga indawo yokuhlala kwaye le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yindawo yokuhlala yendalo. Kwindawo ehlala kuyo ibizwa ngokuba yibiotope okanye ibhayome. Kukho ii-ikhosistim ezininzi ezikhoyo kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye nganye inezityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezinophawu olubonakaliswa yi-geology kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo.
Kweli nqaku ungafunda ngayo yonke into malunga Iindidi zezinto eziphilayo kunye neempawu umntu ngamnye anazo. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba zintoni? Qhubeka ufunda.
Izidalwa eziphilayo zasemhlabeni
Kwiintlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemhlabeni kuyimfuneko ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo indawo apho izinto eziphilayo zikhula khona. Umphezulu womhlaba apho ubudlelwane buphuhliswa kwaye busekiwe phakathi kwabo baziwa njenge-biosphere. Le ecosystem yenzeka zombini emhlabeni nasemgangathweni ongaphantsi. Iimeko esinokuzifumana kolu hlobo lwendalo zisekwe zizinto ezinje ukufuma, ubushushu, ukuphakama nobude.
Ezi zinto zine eziguqukayo zithatha isigqibo sokukhula kobomi kwindawo ethile. Ayifani into yokuba amaqondo obushushu ngokuqhubekekayo angaphantsi komkhenkce ngaphezu kwama-20 degrees. Sinako ukuseka isixa semvula sonyaka njengowona mahluko uphambili. Le mvula yiyo eya kuthi ichonge uhlobo lobomi oluza kuphuhla ngeenxa zonke kubo. Izilwanyana nezityalo ezisingqongileyo emilanjeni azifani naleyo sinokuyifumana kwesavanna.
Okukhona ukufuma nobushushu bukhona, kunye nokuphakama nobude obuncinci, kokukhona siya kufumana izinto ezahlukeneyo nezingafaniyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zizityebi zezilwanyana kwaye zinezigidi zonxibelelwano phakathi kweentlobo kunye nokusingqongileyo okubangqongileyo. Ngokuchasene noko kwenzeka kwezo zinto zendalo zikhula kwindawo ephezulu kunye nokufuma okuphantsi kunye neqondo lobushushu.
Ngokubanzi, i-ecosystems yasemhlabeni yahlukile kakhulu kwaye inobutyebi obukhulu bendalo kunobo basemanzini. Oku kungenxa yokukhanya okukhulu, ubushushu obuvela elangeni kwaye kulula ukufumana ukutya.
Inkqubo yendalo yaselwandle
Olu hlobo lwendalo yeyona ndawo inkulu kwiplanethi iphela, kuba igubungela ama-70% omhlaba. Amalwandle aneendawo ezinkulu kwaye amanzi awo anexinano ephezulu yezimbiwa ukuze ubomi bukhule ngokukuko kwikona nganye.
Kwezi ecosystems sifumana iindawo ezinkulu ezinje iibhedi zengca yolwandle, iives ezinzulu kunye neengqaqa zekorale.
Indalo yamanzi acocekileyo
Nangona zingena ngaphakathi kwindalo yasemanzini, amandla kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kweentlobo azifani kumanzi acwengileyo nanjengamanzi anetyuwa. Imixokomelwano ye-ecosystem yamanzi yilawo enza amachibi kunye nemilambo eyahlulwe yangamacandelo eelentic, lotic kunye nemigxobhozo.
Iinkqubo zeLentic zenziwe ngamachibi kunye namachibi. Igama lentic libhekisa kwisantya ahamba ngaso amanzi. Kule meko, intshukumo iphantsi kakhulu. Izakhiwo zenziwa kolu hlobo lwamanzi kuxhomekeke kubushushu kunye nobutyuwa. Yilapho i-epilimnion, i-thermocline kunye ne-hypolimnion zivela. Iinkqubo ze-lotic zezo apho amanzi ahamba ngokukhawuleza, njengemilambo kunye nemisinga. Kule meko, amanzi ahamba ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokuthambeka kwesiqabu kunye nesenzo somxhuzulane.
Imigxobhozo yimixokomelwano yendalo etyebe kakhulu kwizinto eziphilayo kuba izele ngamanzi. Kukulungele ukuhamba kweentaka ezifudukayo kunye nezo zondla ngokuhluza njengee-flamingo.
Kwezi ndawo zendalo, ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ezinomqolo ziphambili. Asizizo ezikhulu, kuba abanandawo ininzi yokuphuhlisa.
Inkqubo yentlango
Kuba imvula entlango iphantsi kakhulu, izilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana nazo zikwakhona. Izinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo kwezi ndawo zinamandla amakhulu okusinda enkosi kwinkqubo yokulungelelanisa yamawaka eminyaka. Kule meko, njengoko ubudlelwane phakathi kweentlobo zezilwanyana busezantsi, zizinto zokubeka imeko ukuze ulungelelwaniso lwendalo lungaphuli. Ke ngoko, xa uhlobo luchaphazeleka kakubi lulo naluphi na uhlobo lwempembelelo kwindalo, sifumana okunkqonkqozayo.
Kwaye ukuba ukuba uhlobo luqala ukunciphisa inani labantu kakhulu, siya kufumana umonakalo kwezinye iintlobo ezininzi. Kwezi ndawo zendalo sifumana iintyatyambo eziqhelekileyo ezifana necacti kunye nezinye izihlahla ezinobusi. Izilwanyana zineentlobo zezirhubuluzi, iintaka kunye nezinye ezanyisayo nezincinci. Olu luhlobo olukwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa nezi ndawo.
Inkqubo yeentaba
Olu hlobo lwendalo luphawulwa ngoncedo lwayo. Kwaye kukuba kwindawo eziphakamileyo utyani nezilwanyana azinakukhula kakuhle. Kwezi ndawo indalo ayiphakamanga kangako. Yehla njengoko sinyuka phezulu. Unyawo lwentaba luhlala luhlala iintlobo ezininzi kwaye kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kohlobo kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Phakathi kweentlobo esizifumana kwezi zinto ziphilayo sineengcuka, i-chamois kunye ne-ibex. Kukwakho nezigebenga ezinje ngamaxhalanga namaxhalanga. Iintlobo kufuneka zivumelane nokusingqongileyo kwaye zizifihle ukuze ziqinisekise ukusinda kwaye zingazingelwa zodwa.
Inkqubo yehlathi
Iindawo eziphilayo zehlathi zibonakaliswa ngokuba nazo Ubuninzi bemithi kunye nesixa esikhulu sezityalo nezilwanyana. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo zehlathi apho sifumana khona ihlathi, ihlathi elipholileyo, ihlathi elomileyo kunye ne-taiga. Eminye imithi ikunye, kokukhona kuya kubakho izinto ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuphakama kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kubukho beentyatyambo. Ukuphakama kokuphakama, uxinzelelo oluncinci kunye neoksijini ekhoyo. Ke, imithi ayikhuli ukusuka kwiimitha ezingama-2500 XNUMX ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngeli nqaku kuyacaca ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ze-ecosystem.