Zonke izityalo, ngokunjalo nobulembu kunye nezinye iintsholongwane, ezihlala kulo mhlaba ziye zavela ngendlela yokuba zikwazi ukwenza into engenakwenziwa sisilwanyana: ukuguqula amandla elanga abe kukutya, okuzakusetyenziselwa ukukhula, phuhlisa, wandise, xhathisa izifo kunye nezinye iingxaki ezinokuvela, ezinjengembalela okanye izikhukula.
Le yinkqubo esiyaziyo njenge ifotosinthesis, esizakuchaza ngayo yonke into ekufuneka uyazi kuba ibalulekile, hayi izityalo ngokwazo kuphela, kodwa nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezifuna ioksijini yokuphefumla.
Yintoni ifotosinthesisi?
Impendulo emfutshane yile ilandelayo: inkqubo apho izityalo ziguqula amandla elanga abe kukutya (ubukhulu becala iswekile kunye neetyiwa zetyiwa) kodwa asizukuhlala nje nale. Njengoko kuyinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu kwizidalwa eziphilayo, siza kumba nzulu.
Kwaye siza kuqala ngokuchaza ukuba zeziphi izinto ezichaphazelekayo kwinkqubo; Ngale ndlela, inkcazo, nangona ibanzi kakhulu, iya kuba lula ukuyiqonda:
- Ukukhanya kwelanga: ibalulekile ukuze yenziwe. Imitha yenkwenkwezi yenkosi ichaphazela amagqabi, apho iklorofili iya kuwangenisa khona.
- Iklorophyll: ngumbala onoxanduva lombala oluhlaza wamagqabi kunye neziqu zezityalo. Itholakala kwi-chloroplast, eyona nto ifumaneka kwiiseli zezityalo.
- Umoya omdaka: ifunxwa yimingxunya, ebizwa ngokuba yi-stomata, yamagqabi. Kusemoyeni.
- Amanzi: ezothuthwa ukusuka ezingcanjini ukuya emagqabini.
- Ioksijini: yimveliso yenkqubo. Amagqabi ayikhupha nge-stomata.
Izigaba zefotosinthesisi
Izigaba zenkqubo zezi zilandelayo:
Isigaba sokukhanya
Amagqabi, njengoko sele sitshilo, aqukethe iklorofili, eyenye yezona zombala zayo ziphambili, kwaye inoxanduva lombala oluhlaza, kodwa kunye nokufunxa ubude bokukhanya obuhambelana nemibala ye-violet, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nobomvu. Ngokwenza njalo, Imolekyuli yamanzi (H2O) iyaqhekeka, ukuze ihydrogen (H) kunye neoksijini (O) zahlulwe. Le yokugqibela ikhutshelwa emoyeni, kwaye amandla angasetyenziswanga agcinwa kwiimolekyuli ze-ATP.
Isigaba esimnyama
Eli nqanaba livela kwi-stroma ye-chloroplast, engummandla onamanzi ovalwe ngumlenze wangaphakathi. Ibizwa njalo kuba ukukhanya kwelanga akuyomfuneko. Iveliswa xa i-hydrogen eyahluliweyo yongeza kwi-carbon dioxide (CO2), ekhokelela kwimveliso, ngaphezu kwako konke, ii-carbohydrate (Iswekile). Ngexesha lale nkqubo, amagqabi asebenzisa amandla agcinwe kwiimolekyuli ze-ATP.
Inkqubo yePhotosynthesis
Umfanekiso: http://elesquema.blogspot.com.es/2010/10/la-fotosintesis.html
Ukuqonda ngcono nangakumbi ukuba iqulathe ntoni, ndincamathisela lo mzobo:
Ukuphendula ngamachiza kwifotosinthesisi
Ngaba oku kulandelayo:
6 CO2 (icarbon dioxide) + 6 H20 (amanzi) + C6H12O6 (iswekile) + amandla avela kwiLanga + 6O2 (ioksijini)
Ukubaluleka kwefotosinthesisi
Ngubani omnye oxhomekeke kancinci kwifotosinthesisi eqhutywa zizityalo mihla le. Enkosi nje kwinto yokuba izilwanyana ezininzi zikhupha ioksijini, kubandakanya abantu, Ngamana ungakho. Kodwa akufuneki ukuba sicinge ngokubaluleka kwayo kuthi, kodwa nakwizityalo ngokwazo kwaye, ekugqibeleni, kwityathanga lokutya.
Izityalo zisisiseko salo mxokelelwane, kodwa ukuba bezingenako ukwenza ifotosinthesisi, okanye bezingazukubakho, okanye bezinokuvela ngenye indlela, kwaye ke, eli khonkco lingahluka kakhulu kuleyo siyaziyo nesiyinxalenye yayo sonke. .
I-photosynthesis kunye nemozulu
Izityalo zezona zidibene nathi ukulwa nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu abangelwa kukonyuka kwamanqanaba ecarbon dioxide emoyeni. Ngokufunxa le gesi, gcina isicoci somoya, sithintela impilo yethu ukuba ingonzakaliswa.
Uyichaza njani ifotosinthesis kubantwana
Ukuba unabantwana kwaye ufuna ukucacisa ukuba yintoni i-photosynthesis, ungabaxelela oko yinkqubo ezinokuthi zondle izityalo, kwaye ngenxa yoko zikhule kwaye zikhule. Ukuze bakwazi ukwenza oku, badinga iklorofili, eyinto eluhlaza enika umbala oluhlaza emagqabini kwaye inoxanduva lokufunxa ukukhanya kwelanga.Kususela ngoko ukuya phambili, kunye nekhabhon diokside esele amagqabi sele eyifunxile, siguqula incindi eluhlaza (amanzi nezinyibilikisi ezinyibilikisiweyo) zenziwe incindi (iswekile kunye neetyiwa zetyuwa), okukukutya kwesityalo.
Izityalo nazo zifuna ioksijini
Ngaphambi kokugqiba, ndingathanda ukongeza into endicinga ukuba ibaluleke kakhulu: zonke izityalo ziyaphefumlaKwaye bayayenza, njengam nawe, iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, kuphela abanayo imiphunga. Nge-stomata, ukuvuleka okuncinci kwizikhondo ezibizwa ngokuba ziilenticel, kunye neenwele zengcambu, bathatha ioksijini kwaye bakhuphe ikhabhon diokside.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuphefumla kuvelisa ukubila okanye ukulahleka kwamanzi, ukuze xa iimeko zokukhula zingakulungelanga, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu okanye ngenxa yokuba kungakhange kunethe ixesha elide, i-stomata inokuhlala ivaliwe kangangexesha elithile. Ixesha elilinganiselweyo. Kwimeko apho imeko ithatha ixesha elide okanye iba mandundu, ezinye izityalo, ezinje ngeearboreal aloel ezikhula kwilizwekazi laseAfrika, zibingelela ngamasebe awo zitywinise amanxeba.
Ngaba uyifumene inomdla? 🙂