Izvo zvinonzi matambudziko emireniyumu, ndiwo matambudziko manomwe emathematics. Ehezve, mune ino kesi, resolution yayo haisati yawanikwa. Uyezve, kana iwe uchibudirira, iwe waizopihwa miriyoni yemadhora kune yega yega. Saka, zvese inyaya yekuyedza, kana iwe uchifunga kuti unogona kuzviita.
Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti muna 2006, rimwe rematambudziko manomwe emireniyamu rakagadziriswa. Nekudaro, iko kurudziro yakanaka yekukwanisa kuendesa vamwe kuti vapedzisire vadzidziswa. Iwe unoda kuziva here izvo zvazvinosanganisira?
Ndeapi matambudziko emireniyumu?
Sezvo isu tatoenda kumberi, kana tichitaura nezvematambudziko ezvemireniyamu, isu tinofanirwa kutaura nezve a nhevedzano yemifungo kana zvirevo zvemasvomhu. Ose ane humbowo hwekuva hwechokwadi zvachose. Asi inoenderana chiratidzo chemasvomhu hachisati chazivikanwa. Kunyangwe isu tatoziva kare kuti mumwe wavo akawana izvi kuratidzwa uye kuti isu tichaona izvozvi. Sechokwadi chakakosha, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti kune akawanda matambudziko asina kugadziriswa. Sezvo pasina chete matambudziko emireniyumu, asiwo matambudziko aHilbert haana kunyatsogadziriswa Zvakadaro, isu tichagara kune vekutanga.
Poincaré kufungidzira
Ndiro chete dambudziko rakagadziriswa, kusvika parizvino. Iyi ndiyo inonzi Poincaré Conjecture. Nyanzvi yemasvomhu Grigori Perelmán akaigadzirisa. Mushure mekugadziriswa kwayo yakave dzidziso pamusoro pematatu-mativi bhora. Anoenderera mberi achiti iyo yechina-mativi bhora ndiyo chete yakasangana yakawanda umo denderedzwa rese rakavharwa rinogona kushandurwa kuita poindi. Kwemakore anopfuura zana rakanga riri rimwe rematambudziko makuru asina kugadziriswa. Kunyangwe Perelmán akazivisa kuti akange azvigadzirisa muna 2002, zvakatozosvika 2006 apo paakagashira iyo Fields Medal, iyo yaakaramba.
P maringe neNP
Sezviri pachena, iyo masvomhu ayo isu tinoziva nhasi haana kugona kusiyanisa P uye NP mhando matambudziko. Nekuti izvi, zvakaomarara algorithms zvaizofanirwa kugadzirwa. Nechikonzero ichi, kuti agadzirise dambudziko iri, mumwe anofanirwa kusarudza kuti kuisirwa pakati pemakirasi akaomarara (ndiko kuti, seti yematambudziko esarudzo yehukama hwakaenzana) P neNP zvine hukomba.
Kufungidzira kweHodge
Imwe yematambudziko esvomhu ndeye Hodge fungidziro. Mune ino kesi, inotitaurira kuti kune projekti algebraic manifolds, iyo hodge macircule iwo ari iwo mitsara uye zvine musoro musanganiswa we algebraic mairi. Ndosaka zvichigona kunzi idambudziko realgebraic geometry. Mariri, iyo algebraic topology yeyakaomeswa, isiri-yakasarudzika manifold yakabatana, pamwe neiyo submanifolds. Asi zviri zvakare kuti iyi fungidziro inowedzera kuti mamwe mapoka eiyo De Rham's cohomology iwo maalgebra. Saka, izvi Poincaré hunyambiri sums. Iye zvino unofanira kungozviratidza!
Riemann hypothesis
Iyi fungidziro inotitaurira kuti ese zero asina hukama eRiemann Zeta basa ane chikamu chaicho che ½. Zvanga zviri yakatanga kugadzirwa muna 1859 naBernhard Riemann. Kutenda kuhukama hwavo nekuparadzirwa kwenhamba huru mune seti yenhamba dzechisikigo, vanoita iyi fungidziro imwe yematambudziko emireniyamu. Kunyangwe vazhinji vachitenda kuti fungidziro yacho ndeyechokwadi, zvinoita sekunge kune masvomhu akasiyana nepfungwa iyi. Panguva iyoyo zvainzi zvakagadziriswa, asi Clay Institute yakazviramba.
Kuvapo kweYang-Mills uye iyo yakawanda kusvetuka
Kana tikatanga mumunda yang mills Izvo zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti iri munda wepanyama unoshandiswa mune yakawanda quantum munda dzidziso. Iyi dzidziso yakashandiswa kurondedzera chromodynamics yakawanda, iyo inotsanangura chimiro chemapurotoni uye neutron. Saizvozvo, zvakare mwero wekudzikama kweyatomu nucleus. Iko kunetseka kunouya pazvinofanirwa kutsanangura kuti iyo yakasungwa nyika inoita kunge yawana sei misa.
Iyo Navier-Stokes equations
Kufambisa kwezvinwiwa uye magasi zvinotsanangurwa neinonzi Navier-Stokes equations. Izvo zvakagadzirwa muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX uye nanhasi, zvese zvazvinoreva hazvizivikanwe. Izvi zvinokonzerwa neisina-mutsara weyeti equation uye mazwi akabatanidzwa. Iwe unofanirwa kuuya nedzidziso nezve fluid fluid dynamics. Zvinenge zvichidikanwa kuratidza kana uine mamwe mamiriro ekutanga eiyo laminar fluid, yekuyerera mhinduro zvakare iri laminar, kune ese nguva yenguva.
Iyo Birch uye Swinnerton-Dyer Chirevo
Mune ino kesi, iyo Birch neSwinnerton-Dyer fungidziro inobata nemhando yeiyo equation. Icho chiri pamusoro pekutsanangura elliptical curves pane zvine musoro izvo. Zvinotaridza sekuti fungidziro yacho pachayo inotitaurira kuti pane nzira yekuziva kana aya equations ane risingaperi kana pamwe isingaverengeke nhamba yeanonzwisisika mhinduro. Yakatumidzwa muna 1965 nevadzidzi vaviri vechiNgezi masvomhu: Bryan Birch naPeter Swinnerton-Dyer. Chirevo chekufungidzira chinoratidzira arithmetic dhata inosanganisirwa neye arithmetic curve E pamusoro penhamba yenhamba, ingave iri K.
Ndiyo Clay Institute inotarisira kuwedzera ruzivo rwe masvomhu, pamwe nekupararira kwazvo. Pamusoro pekuve nezviitwa zvakasiyana siyana nemapurojekiti, vakavewo vakakurumbira nekutsigira mamireniyamu matambudziko kana aya masvomhu matambudziko asiri akareruka zvachose. Mamwe matambudziko nechinangwa chakapetwa kaviri: Kune rimwe divi, kugadziriswa kwekupedzisira kweimwe uye kune imwe, iyo yakasvinwa kwazvo mubairo wehupfumi wavanopa.