El hydrogen ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvemakemikari zviripo kubva pane chero maonero, chiri chakanyanya kuwanda mugwara rese renyeredzi nekutenda muzana muzana rinosvika 84%.
Nechero ani wedu inozivikanwa nekuda kwekuve mune kemikari periodic tafura iri pasi pechiratidzo H uye zvakare kuve neatomic kukosha kwe 1. Ngatione chii chinonzi hydrogen kutenderera.
Chii chinonzi hydrogen?
Hydrogen ndiyo yekutanga chinhu patafura ye periodic. Iyo yakapusa, asi zvakare yakawanda kwazvo muchadenga. Pasi redu, iri muchimiro chemvura (H2O), mumhepo kuti tinofema uye muzvinhu zvese zvipenyu kuti tinogara mairi.
Ndicho isina gasi, inodoro e zvisina kunaka uye inoita chinhu chakakosha pakuumbwa kwemvura, pamwe neyakagadzirwa zvinhu. Kune matatu isotopu ehydrogen: protium, iyo inowanikwa mune inopfuura 3% yezvinhu zvakasikwa; deuterium, iyo inowanikwa mune zvakasikwa mu99,98%, uye tritium, iyo inowoneka muzvishoma kwazvo mudunhu renzvimbo uye inogona kugadzirwa zvakagadzirwa nemaitiro enyukireya. Tevere tichaona kuti hydrogen kutenderera kunoitika sei.
Chii chinonzi hydrogen kutenderera senge?
Simba rinouya kwatiri kubva kuzuva uye kugiravhiti rinoita kuti mvura iende kubva kune imwe nyika ichienda kune imwe, ichifamba pakati pemakungwa, mhepo, goko repasi uye zvipenyu. Maitiro makuru eiyo hydrogen kutenderera ndeaya:
- Kwemvura: Ndiyo mamiriro ayo mvura inoshanduka kuita chiutsi. Iyi mvura inobva mukudikitira kwemhuka nekudikitira kwezvirimwa, izvo zvinopa gumi muzana kumvura inosanganisirwa mudenga.
- Condensation: mhute yemvura inokwira uye, mukuita kudaro, inodirana kuva madonhwe ayo anozoita makore.
- Kufemera, inoitwa mvura inonwiwa nemidzi yezvirimwa uye ichipfuura nemumashizha emashizha ayo kuti ashanduke ave mumhepo.
- Kunzwisisa: inogadzirwa apo madonhwe emvura anotonhorera uye osvika pamwe chete kuti vagadzire madonhwe mahombe ayo anopedzisira achinatsika nekuda kwekurema kwawo kukuru.
- Kugadziriswa: kunoitika kana mvura yemhute kana mvura mukati megore raita chando, ichitenderera muchimiro chechando kana chimvuramabwe.
- Fusion: ndipo panosviba chando.
- Kupinda mukati: inoitika kana mvura pakupedzisira yasvika muvhu uye ichipinda mukati mayo, nokudaro ichisvika kunzvimbo dzinodzika uye midzi yezvirimwa.
- Runoff: ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa nemvura inoyerera ichitenderera pamusoro penyika.
- Kutenderera kwepasi: mvura yemvura inoenderera ichifamba kudzamara yasvika kune yakawanda zvirimwa, kana nzizi kana makungwa
Kana tangosvika pane yekupedzisira maitiro, inotangazve uye iyo hydrogen kutenderera inotangazve.
Inopinda sei mumuviri wedu?
Kunyangwe tichiziva kuti icho chinhu chinowanikwa muChadenga, zviri kuperevedza paPasi. Saka ngatione kuti hydrogen inosvika sei kumuviri wedu.
Muviri wedu unoumbwa ne70% mvura yemvura, saka yakakosha kwatiri. Hydrogen tora chikamu en chiyero chepH chemuviri uye chiyero chemagetsi emagetsi, iyo yakakosha kune yakakwana maseru ehunhu basa (kufema, kudya kunovaka muviri, kubvisa marara uye kubereka masero). Kushaikwa kwechinhu ichi kunokonzeresa kusaenzana mumuviri pH nemaelectrolyte, izvo zvinotirwarisa.
Chinhu ichi tinoiwana iri muchimiro chemvura uye muzvikafu zvine acid, semamoni, maorenji kana mandarin, muchidimbu, mumiti yemichero inozivikanwa secitrus, kuitira kuti tingozonwa chete nekuvadya kuti vakwanise kuwana hydrogen.
Inosvika sei kune zvirimwa?
Zvirimwa, kufanana nezvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu, zvinoda hydrogen kuti igone kurarama nekukura zvakajairika. Uye ivo, sesu, Vanoitora kubva mumvura yavanotora kuburikidza nemidzi yavo inowanikwa pazasi pevhu nguva zhinji, kana pamatavi ezvimwe zvirimwa, senge epiphytic orchids yeiyo genus Phalaenopsis, semuenzaniso.
Mvura iri chinhu chakakosha mumakemikari maitiro e photosynthesis, uye ndiyo nzira inodikanwa kuitira kuti makemikari zvinhu anyunguduke uye ave anowanikwa kumiti yekushandisa nekukura.
Chii chinonzi hydrogen chinoshandiswa?
Hydrogen chinhu chinonakidza kwazvo, sezvo ichi chichigona kushandiswa se mafuta nguva zhinji pazvinodikanwa sezvo iri sosi yakachena uye inovandudzwa sosi. NASA inoishandisa mumaroketi ayo pamwe ne fluorine kana okisijeni kuendesa iwo muchadenga, nekuti ndicho chinhu chinopisa kwazvo chinozivikanwa.
Padanho reindasitiri iro rinoshandiswa kuchenesa mafuta semafuta uye mu sarufa kubviswa, pamusoro pe tora mafuta akasimba kubva kumafuta emiriwo mvura isina kunyoroveswa. Asi kushandiswa kwaro kwakapararira kuri mu kugadzirwa kweammonia, sezvo molecule imwe yeNitrogen inosunga 3 yehydrogen, ichiumba NH3.
Inowanikwa sei?
Nzira yakachengeteka kwazvo yekuiwana ndeye kubva ku electrolysis yemvura. Nekudaro, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa pachinangwa ichi mahydrocarbon, gasi rechisikigo, oiri isina kuchena kana oiri yemafuta.
Njodzi dzehydrogen
Kunyangwe zvichikosha kuti isu tirarame, zvine njodzi zvakare. Ndizvo zvinobatira moto, uye ikasanganiswa nemhepo inoputika. Senge sekunge izvo zvaive zvisina kukwana, kana isu tichifemera muhombe kuwanda kweiyi gasi tichava nekushomeka kwe oxygen; uye mamiriro edu anozove akakomba kana isu tine chirwere chekufema.
Saka, zvakakosha kuyera kuwanda kwechinhu ichi negasi yakakodzera detector (zvakajairika zvinopfuta gasi michina haazi).
Uye neizvi tinopera. Ndinovimba iwe ikozvino waziva zvakawanda, kwete chete nezve iyo hydrogen kutenderera, asiwo nezve chinhu.