Ndivanaani vaive Mayan? VaMayan vanga vari vamwe vevanhu vakanyanya kukosha mukondinendi yeAmerica nepasirese. Iyi pre-Columbian Mesoamerican tsika yakazvarwa munenge mugore ra 2600 BC Kana ruzhinji rwevanhu rwaigara mumapoka evafambi nguva dzose vachitsvaga chikafu, mvura nenzvimbo yakachengeteka yekurara, vakavaka dzimba netembere dzakatenderedzwa netsika dzinovaita yakasarudzika.
Neichi chikonzero, kana isu tichiziva kuti vaive vanaani varume, vakadzi nevana vakararama nguva yakareba Christopher Columbus asati asvika muAmerica, tinogona kutaura pasina kupokana kuti vaive vanhu vaive vafambira mberi zvakanyanya.
Varipiko ma Mayan?
Kuti tinzwisise kuti vaMayan vaive vanaani, isu tinofanira kutanga taziva kuti ivo varipi. Chaizvoizvo guta iri rakapa nyika kutenda kukuru uye kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, kwakagadziriswa munzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba ye Mekisiko, kunyanya mu Yucatán uye zvakare mukati medunhu re Guatemala neHonduras.
Vakawana dzimwe nzvimbo dzakanakisa dzinogona kuve muAmerica: mazhinji endima yaro bani rakakura rine zvikomo zvishoma nemakomo akafukidzwa nesango. Uye zvakare, kune makungwa gumi nemana anodarika nepakati pemadhishi ePetén (Guatemala).
Nhoroondo yeMaya
Nhoroondo yeMaya yakakamurwa kuita nguva ina: dzekare (8000-2000 BC), preclassic (2000 BC-250 AD), dzekare (250 950 AD) uye postclassic (950-1539 AD). Kana isu hatikwanise kukanganwa nezvazvo nguva yekuonana, yaive nguva yekuSpanish payakasvika muAmerica, pakati pa1511 na1697 AD. C., gore umo budiriro inoonekwa seyanyangarika.
Asi chii chakaitika mumakore iwayo? Kana isu tichitaura nezve makore, hongu, tinoona kuti zvechokwadi maMaya akararama kare kare, asi chii chakaitika kwavari? Chii chavakaita kuti vazvione sevamwe venyika dzakasimukira kwazvo pasi rese? Naizvo.
Nhoroondo yeMayan inotanga senge yemamwe makuru masocial: ivo vaitsvaga nzvimbo yekugara. Panyaya yevatambi vedu, nzvimbo yekutanga yakasarudzwa yaive Neck, muBelize, kuma 2600 BC. C. Muna 1800 a. C. kare vairima chibage, bhinzi, squash uye chili, saka zvinozivikanwa kuti panguva ino yekutanga nzanga dzekugara uyo akagadzira mhando yehunyanzvi yaizoenderera nanhasi: ceramics.
Saka zvishoma nezvishoma mataundi akava maguta, vaive nevatongi vavo veMayan kana madzimambo. Makore gare gare, mune yechinyakare mwaka, ivo vakavaka dated zviyeuchidzo uchishandisa iyo Yakareba khalendari, inova isingadzokorore Mesoamerican vigesimal khalendari.
Nguva iyoyo yakaratidzirwa ne heyday yemaguta uye kukura kukuru, pamwe nehungwaru hunonzwisisika uye kusimudzira kwehunyanzvi. Paive nemhando dzakasiyana dzemadhorobha-matunhu aibatanidzwa mumubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa uye ruvengo.
Zvisinei, panguva yezana ramakore rechina vakasangana nekudonha kukuru kwezvematongerwo enyika semhedzisiro yehondo yemukati yavakange vatambura, kusanaya kwemvura uye simba rakasimba iro kuwanda kwevanhu kwakatanga kuve nharaunda. Zvisinei, maguta anokosha, akadai seChichén Itza, akasiiwa.
Pakupedzisira, veSpanish "vakagadzirisa" dambudziko nenzira yavo: kukoloni nekupinda muAmerica yese, zvichiita kuti vese avo vaisada kuti vateerere vanyangarika.
Zvido zvebudiriro yeMayan
Zvino zvatava kuziva kuti vaMayani vaive vanaani, ngationei zvimwe zvezvido zvebudiriro iyi. Izvo zvakakodzera kuti utaure kuti iyi yeCentral American pre-Spanish tsika yakamira dzidza uye chengeta iyo renyeredzi, pamwe nekuvakwa uye kuvaka kwezvivakwa zvakakurisa. Uye zvakare, hukuru hukuru hwebudiriro hwakakumikidzwa kuna kuvaka maguta avo zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzemhemberero uye mapiramidhi kuti nanhasi urambe wakamira.
Iwe zvakare uchave unofarira kuziva kuti maMayan akasiya nhaka yavo yakanyorwa pamatombo, muchimiro chenyeredzi uye esoteric meseji dzakadai seKarenda yavo uye avo manomwe Maporofita, ayo akapa zvakawanda zvekutaura nezvazvo kuMadokero, uko kwaitendwa kuti musi waZvita 7 21, zuva iro Mayan kalendari rinopera, raizove rekupedzisira; kunyangwe hazvo iko kumwe kufungidzira kwake kuchitaura kuti zuva iro raizove "kuguma kwekutya."
Izvi zvinoreva kuti, sekureva kwaVaMayan, munhu anogona kuita zvinhu zviviri: kufudza ruvengo rwake uye kubvisa mhando dzevanhu kubva paPasi, kana nekusiyana zvinoshanduka kuenda kumubatanidzwa we harmonic nepasi rose uye unzwisise kuti iye chidimbu chete zvimwe zvechirahwe izvo zvinoumba nyika Nyika, iyo Gwara Renzou, uye zvese zvimwe zvinopfuura miganho yeiri galaxy.
Kunyangwe iri tsika ine anodarika zviuru zvitatu zvemakore, zvine mutsindo maMaya, vakasiya maitiro mazhinji etsika nemararamiro avoMazuva ano, nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwesamu mamuseum uye nebasa rakanakisa nevanochera matongo kubva pasirese, zvinokwanisika kuziva chimwe nechimwe chehupenyu hwevagari vayo uye tsika dzavakabata.
Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti yakawanda yakakosha dhata pamusoro petsika yeMayan yakaparadzwa pamwe nekuuya kwechikoloni kwevaSpanish, avo vaiona tsika yemuno yeMayan se "basa redhiabhori", zvinongoramba zvichingofungidzira zvese zvingadai zvichizivikanwa nezve maMayan dai ese ruzivo urwu haruna kushatiswa.
Iwe une chero kusahadzika nezve avo vaive mayan uye tsika yavo yaive yei?