Bikini

Dukkanin tsirrai, da algae da wasu kwayoyin halittu, wadanda suke rayuwa a wannan duniyar tamu sun samu ci gaba ta yadda zasu iya yin wani abu wanda dabba ba zata iya yi ba: canza makamashin Rana zuwa abinci, wanda za'a yi amfani dashi don girma, haɓaka, ninka, tsayayya da cututtuka da sauran matsalolin da ka iya tasowa, kamar fari ko ambaliyar ruwa.

Wannan tsari ne da muka sani a matsayin photosynthesis, wanda zamuyi bayanin duk abinda yakamata ka sani saboda yana da mahimmanci, ba wai kawai ga tsire-tsire da kansu ba, har ma ga sauran rayayyun halittu waɗanda ke buƙatar oxygen don numfashi.

Mene ne hotunan hoto?

A takaice amsar ita ce mai zuwa: tsarin da tsirrai ke canza makamashin Rana zuwa abinci (yawanci sugars da gishirin ma'adinai); amma ba za mu tsaya kawai da wannan ba. Tunda yana da matukar mahimmanci ga halittu masu rai, zamu zurfafa.

Kuma za mu fara da bayyana abubuwan da abubuwan da ke cikin aikin; Ta wannan hanyar, bayanin, kodayake ya fi girma, zai zama mai sauƙin fahimta:

• Hasken rana: yana da mahimmanci don aiwatar dashi. Hasken tauraron sarki yana tasiri akan ganyen, daga inda chlorophyll zai shanye su.
• Chlorophyll: shine launin da ke da alhakin halayyar koren ganye da ganyen shuke-shuke masu taushi. Ana samun sa a cikin chloroplast, wanda shine kwayar halitta wacce ake samu a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta.
• Carbon dioxide: ana shanye shi ta pores, wanda ake kira stomata, na ganyayyaki. Yana cikin iska.
• Ruwa: wanda za'a kwashe shi daga saiwoyin zuwa ganyen.
• Oxygen: shine samfurin aiwatarwa. Ganyen yana fitar dashi ta cikin stomata.

Hanyoyin daukar hoto

Hanyoyin aiwatarwa sune kamar haka:

Lokacin haske

Ganyayyakin, kamar yadda muka yi sharhi, suna dauke da chlorophyll, wanda yana daya daga cikin manyan launukansa, kuma shine ke da alhakin koren launi, amma kuma don daukar nisan zangon haske wanda yayi daidai da launuka violet, blue da ja. A yin haka, kwayar ruwa (H2O) ta lalace, saboda haka hydrogen (H) da oxygen (O) sun rabu. Ana sakin na biyun zuwa sararin samaniya, kuma ana amfani da makamashin da ba a amfani dashi a cikin ƙwayoyin ATP.

Lokaci mai duhu

Wannan matakin yana faruwa ne a cikin bugun jini na chloroplast, wanda shine yanki mai ruwa wanda membrane na ciki ya kewaye shi. An kira shi tunda hasken rana ba lallai bane. Yana faruwa ne lokacin da hydrogen din da aka rabu yana kara carbon dioxide (CO2), wanda ke haifar da samar da, sama da duka, carbohydrates (glucose). A yayin wannan aikin, ganyen suna amfani da kuzarin da ke adana cikin ƙwayoyin ATP.

Tsarin hoto

Don fahimtar mafi kyawun abin da ya ƙunsa, Ina haɗa wannan zane:

Magungunan sunadarai na photosynthesis

Shin na gaba:

6 CO2 (carbon dioxide) + 6 H20 (ruwa) + C6H12O6 (glucose) + makamashi daga Rana + 6O2 (oxygen)

Mahimmancin hoto

Wanene kuma wanda ya rage ya dogara da hotunan hoto wanda halittun shuke-shuke ke aiwatarwa a kullun. Godiya kawai ga gaskiyar cewa dabbobi da yawa suna fitar da iskar oxygen, ciki har da mutane, Zai iya wanzu. Amma bai kamata mu yi tunani kawai game da mahimmancin da yake da shi a gare mu ba, har ma ga halittun tsire-tsire da kansu kuma, a ƙarshe, ga jerin abinci.

Shuke-shuke sune tushen wannan sarkar, amma idan basu iya daukar hoto ba, ko kuma basu wanzu ba, ko kuma zasu iya canzawa ta wata hanyar, sabili da haka, wannan sarkar zata bambanta da wacce muka sani kuma wacce muke hade da ita. .

Hoto da yanayi

Tsire-tsire sune manyan abokanmu don yaƙi da ƙaruwar yanayin zafi sakamakon ƙaruwar matakan carbon dioxide a cikin sararin samaniya. Ta hanyar shan wannan gas, kiyaye tsabtace iska, hana lafiyarmu daga cutar.

Yadda za a bayyana hotuna ga yara

Idan kuna da yara kuma kuna so kuyi bayanin menene photosynthesis, zaku iya gaya musu hakan shine tsarin da tsirrai ke iya ciyarwa, sabili da haka yayi girma da haɓaka. Don samun damar yin wannan, suna buƙatar chlorophyll, wanda shine koren abu wanda yake ba ganye koren launi kuma ke da alhakin shan hasken rana Daga nan zuwa, kuma tare da iskar carbon dioxide da ganyen ma suka sha, suna yana canza ruwan sabulu (ruwa da narkarda mai gina jiki) zuwa ruwan da aka sarrafa (sugars da gishirin ma'adinai), wanda shine abincin shukar.

Shuke-shuke suna buƙatar oxygen kuma

Kafin in gama, Ina so in kara wani abu da nake ganin yana da matukar muhimmanci: dukkan tsirrai suna numfashi, kuma suna yin sa, kamar ni da ni, awanni 24 a rana, kawai basu da huhu. Ta hanyar stomata, ƙananan buɗewa a cikin tushe da ake kira lenticels, da gashin gashi, suna shan iskar oxygen kuma suna fitar da iskar carbon dioxide.

Koyaya, numfashi yana samar da zufa ko asarar ruwa, don haka idan yanayin girma bai dace ba, ko dai saboda yanayin zafi yayi yawa ko kuma saboda an dade ba'a ruwan sama ba, stomata na iya zama a rufe na wani lokaci Timeuntataccen lokaci. Idan yanayin ya daɗe ko ya munana, wasu tsire-tsire, irin su arboreal aloes waɗanda ke tsiro a nahiyar Afirka, suna yin sadaukar da wani ɓangare na rassansu kuma suna rufe raunukan.

Shin kun sami abin sha'awa? 🙂