A cikin tarihin tarihi, duniya tana ganin wayewa da yawa suna tashi da faɗuwa ('yan Aztec, Incas ...), amma ɗayan, wanda ya tashe shi ne kawai zai iya riƙe shi mutanen Sumeriya a kusan 3.500 BC.
Wayewar Sumeriya tana kudu da tsohuwar Mesofotamiya, wani yanki na Gabas ta Tsakiya wanda ke tsakanin Tigris da Euphrates koguna wanda a yanzu haka yayi daidai da yankunan da ba sahara a Iraki da arewa maso gabashin Siriya.
Sumerians, ga wanda sabuwar dabara na dabaran da rubutu (mahimman bayanai biyu na ɗan adam), suma suna da alhakin bayyanar jihohi na farko na duniya. Kusan 3000 BC kafin su akwai aƙalla 12 daga cikinsu, waɗanda suke da 'yanci sosai.
Mazauna wannan rukunin yanar-gizon biranen da suka kafa wayewar Sumer sun kasance suna da al'adu iri ɗaya da addini, kodayake sarakunansu suna da ikon cin gashin kansu gaba ɗaya, ma'ana, sun mallaki jihohinsu ba tare da tsangwama daga sauran shugabannin ƙasashe ba. Sumeria.