Ana zaune a Kudancin Amurka, da Mayan Sun kasance ɗayan wayewar kai mai ɗorewa da Duniya ba ta taɓa gani ba. Waɗannan mutanen sun daɗe suna kusan shekaru 3.000, su ne maƙasudun rubuce-rubucen Amurkan kafin lokacin Columbian. Hali don su mayan kaya amma kuma sun kasance masana a fannin lissafi, ilimin taurari da kuma, ba shakka, suma a fannin zane-zane.
Duk da yake wasu har yanzu sun yi imanin cewa sun kasance dabbanci a yau, a zahiri sun wuce ne kawai lokacin da suke cikin ƙarshen wa'adinsu, lokacin da kayan aiki suka fara yin ƙasa. A halin yanzu, har yanzu akwai wasu zuriya na wannan wayewar, wadanda ke kokarin kiyaye al'adunsu, da nasu maya maya, wanda zamuyi magana akansa a cikin wannan na musamman.
Asalin al'adun Mayan
Kafin mu shiga cikin lamarin, bari mu sani su waye mayans din menene asalin ɗayan tsoffin wayewa a duniya. Muna iya tunanin cewa su 'yan asalin Kudancin Amurka ne, saboda bayan hakan, a can ne suka zauna; amma za mu yi kuskure. A zahiri, ya fito ne daga Arewacin Amurka, daga inda bayan sun yi shekaru suna tafiya a cikin yankin Kudancin Amurka, a ƙarshe sun yanke shawarar zama a yankin Yucatan da kewayenta, a wajajen 900 BC. C.
Yankin da suka mamaye ya kasu zuwa yankuna biyu:
- Manyan tsaunuka, wanda anan ne muke samun jamhuriyoyin El Salvador da Guatemala a yau, kuma a ina, duk da kyawawan yanayin ƙasar, bai da mahimmanci ga Mayans.
- Tsaunuka, wanda ke da albarkatun ƙasa na hatsi wanda yake da ruwa sosai ta hanyar kogunan da suke kwarara zuwa cikin Caribbean da Gulf of Mexico.
Ci gaban al'ummomin Mayan sun fi mai da hankali ne a cikin birane uku: Chichen-Itza, Mayapan y Uxmal. A cikin 1004 an kirkiro ƙungiyar Mayan, wacce ta haɗu da waɗannan biranen 3. Da yawa sun kasance garuruwa da biranen da aka ƙirƙira su a cikin shekaru 200 masu zuwa, amma tsakanin ƙarni na 1697 da na XNUMX, biranen ƙungiyar Mayan sun shiga rikici. Kuma wannan shine lokacin da ta shiga lokacin raguwa, wanda zai ƙare a kusan ɓacewar al'adun Mayan kusan shekara ta XNUMX.
Abin farin, kuma kamar yadda muka faɗi a farkon, wannan wayewar har yanzu yana wanzuwa. Kuma da fatan shekaru masu yawa. Mayans waɗanda, ba shakka, suna ci gaba da yin ado kamar yadda kakanninsu suka yi kuma suna kula da su kwastan mayan m.
Mayan tufafi
Kayan Mayan suna da launuka iri-iri, amma kuma haske kuma, a sama da duka, Yanayi. Dogaro da yanayin ƙasa da yanayin yanayi, tufafin ya kasance mai sauƙi ko ƙasa da ƙasa. A ƙasa kuna da tsari wanda zaku iya ganin nau'ikan suturar Mayan:
Yankunan dumi
Lokacin da kake zaune a yankin da yanayin zafi zai iya zama mai tsayi sosai, babu wani abu mafi kyau da za a sa sanyi tufafi, wanda ke tunkudo hasken rana.
Mayafin Mayan na matan Maya sun ƙunshi riguna masu haske, fari a launi wanda ya kai gwiwoyinsu; a yanayin maza, sun sanya wani irin wando da ake kira patiya, tare da bayyana kirji. Dukansu suna sanye da launuka iri iri waɗanda suka bambanta su da sauran yankuna.
Yankunan sanyi
A cikin yankuna masu sanyi Mayans sun kare kansu daga yanayin zafi wanda zai iya zama mai sanyaya sosai, don haka Sun sanya tufafi masu launuka masu haske, kamar su ja, rawaya, da shuɗi. Sun kare kawunansu da hannayensu da poncho.
Aristocracy, wanda yake da mafi yawan suttura
Ta yaya zai kasance in ba haka ba, mafi girman samfurin nunawa a cikin kayan Mayan ana gani a cikin masarauta, inda zaku ga kayayyaki tare da zane da zane wanda aka kawata shi da fuka-fukan launuka, tare da rawanin wuya, bel da sauran nau'ikan kayan haɗi. yi wa ado da duwatsu masu daraja, har ma ya yiwu a samu sandal na fata. Bugu da kari, an yi amfani da ma'adanai daban-daban cikin dabara don yin yadin da yadudduka kuma don haka ya haifar da kyakyawar kyawar da muka santa.
Sun kasance suna kawata kawunan su da gyale, abin kwalliya, huluna, fuka-fukai, da sauransu A lokacin muhimman al'amuran da liyafa, ba su yi jinkirin rufe jikinsu da ƙarin kayan ado ba. Don haka suna iya amfani da tufafinsu kamar nuna girmamawa.
Kayan Mayan, yafi kariya
Mayan sun yi imani da cewa mata sun sami kyautar loom a matsayin kyauta daga allahiya Ixchel (baiwar wata), don haka sutturar ba wai kawai yadudduka ba ne da ke ba ku kariya daga mummunan yanayi, amma kuma samu ma'ana mai tsarki.
Mayan suna son sanya tufafi mai kyau, tare da duk kayan haɗin da suke ganin ya zama dole bisa ga yanayin zamantakewar su da yankin su. Wannan shine ɗayan manyan alamomin, »zanan yatsa»Wannan ya banbanta su da sauran al'adun pre-Columbian.
Wayewar Mayan ya kasance ɗayan mafi wadata kuma, har ila yau, daya daga cikin cigaban zamani. Da yawa sosai, har ma a yau ba za a iya bayanin ci gabansa na lissafi da ilimin taurari dangane da asalinsa ba.
Shin kun san suturar Mayan? Me kuke tunani?
