Wayewar Roman tana ɗaya daga cikin masu ci gaba. Sun ƙirƙira jaridu, hanyoyi, magudanan ruwa, kwaminonin Roman da kuma, ɗayan rubuce-rubucen da har yanzu ake amfani dasu a wasu yankuna: adadin Roman. Amma, Shin kun san dokokin adadin roman?
Tabbas har yanzu kuna tuna wasu azuzuwan da sukayi muku a makaranta ko a makarantar sakandare: daga wannan tsarin na Alamun Roman bisa ga haruffa ba lambobi ba, kamar yadda lambar adadin mu take. Shin kuna son mu sabunta dokokin adadin Roman?
Tushen alamun Roman
Alamar Roman
Lambobin Roman suna dogara ne akan haruffa da alamomin harafin Roman, kodayake dole ne a faɗi haka asali sun fito daga Etrurkan, wanda yayi amfani da I, Λ, X, Ψ, 8, da ⊕ don wakiltar I (1), V (5), X (10), L (50), C (100), da M (1000). Kuma daga ina lissafin Etruscan ya fito? Da alama ratsiyoyin, sandunansu da ƙasusuwan da makiyayan Dalmatian da na Italia suka yi amfani da shi, zuwa ga VII a. C.
Tsarin adadi na Roman yana da halaye ƙwarai, saboda sabanin wasu, ana rubuta alamomin ƙimar mafi girma kafin alamomin ƙimar ƙasa. Saboda wannan dalili, ya sami damar canzawa har sai ya cimma wannan alamar mafi ƙarancin daraja a gaban babban wanda aka cire maimakon ƙarawa. Misali, lambar 1999 ta tashi daga M · DCCCC · LXXXX · VIIII zuwa M · CM · XC · IX, wanda shima yana da sauƙin karantawa.
Duk da haka, har zuwa Tsararru na Tsakiya duka tsarin an hade su har yanzu.
Dokokin adadi na Roman
A da, wasu lokuta ana rubuta lambobin Romania da ƙananan haruffa, kodayake a zamanin yau ana rubuta su da babban baƙaƙe. Daya daga cikin abin da ya kamata a sani shi ne babu wasika don wakiltar 0, tunda ba shi da ƙimar gaske kamar yadda ba ya nufin komai. Amma ƙari, akwai wasu ƙa'idodi na lambobin Roman waɗanda ya kamata ku sani, kuma waɗannan sune masu zuwa:
- Lambobin Roman koyaushe ana karantawa daga hagu zuwa dama, wanda ba matsala gare mu, tunda tsarin rubutu da karatun mu a tsarin su daya ake karanta su.
- Lambobin Roman I, X, C, da M ana iya maimaita su har sau uku lokacin rubuta adadin Roman.
- Adadin Roman ɗin V, L, da D ba za a taɓa maimaita su ba.
- Idan adadin adadin Roman yana da lamba a dama wanda bai kai na hagu ba to duka biyun ana ƙara su. Misali: XI: lambar da ke hannun dama (I = 1) bai kai na hagu ba (X = 10) to sai a saka su, ma’ana, XI = 11
- Idan adadin adadin Roman yana da lamba akan dama wanda ya fi girma akan na hagu kuma wannan shine I, X, ko C, to ana cire na hagu daga dama. Misali: IX: lambar da ke hannun dama (X = 10) ta fi ta hagu girma (I = 1), kuma wannan ma ni ne, to an cire na hagu daga na dama, wato, IX = 9
Kuma menene dokokin adadi na roman wakiltar dubbai ko miliyoyi?
Lambobin Roman guda ɗaya ko biyu suna da sauƙi, daidai ne? Amma Romawa kuma sun san yadda za a kirga zuwa dubbai, har ma suna da alama don wakiltar miliyoyin. Don haka menene dokokin adadin Roman waɗanda dole ne a bi su don lissafa su?
A zahiri shima mai sauki ne: a zahiri, ya isa sanya layi zuwa wasiƙar, kamar yadda kuke gani a cikin wannan tebur daga Wikipedia:
| Adadin Roman | Decimal | Suna |
| V | 5000 | Dubu biyar |
| X | 10.000 | Dubu goma |
| L | 50.000 | Dubu hamsin |
| C | 100.000 | Dubu dari |
| D | 500.000 | Dubu dari biyar |
| M | 1.000.000 | Miliyan daya |
Kamar yadda kake gani idan adadin Roman yana da alama a kansa, to, ana ninka darajar ta dubu. Kuma don nuna darajar miliyan goma, abin da aka yi shi ne sanya layi a sama da wani a ƙasa da harafin X.
Amma Romawa ba kawai suna da tsarin adadi don yawan lambobi ba, suna da tsarin duodecimal don ƙananan abubuwa. Tsarin duodecimal ya dogara ne da goma sha biyu, ma'ana, 12 = 3 x 2 x 2, wanda zasu iya yin juzu'i na yau da kullun, wanda za'a iya gabatar dasu yau da kullun, kamar ¼.
Yawancin tsabar kuɗin da aka yi amfani da su a zamaninsa suna nuna dige, suna nuna a unci (oza), wato daya da goma sha biyu. Kowane ɗayansu wakiltar gutsutsiye har zuwa goma sha biyar. Don wakiltar rabi, duk da haka, sun yi amfani da harafin S, daga shuka, wanda ke nufin daidai rabi; kuma idan sun buƙaci wakiltar ƙungiyar, sun sanya I.
Adadin Roman
Dokokin adadi na Roman na iya zama ɗan rikitarwa da farko, amma sai kuka fahimci cewa batun haƙuri ne kuma, sama da duka, aiwatarwa. Wasu daga cikin Alamomin Roman da suka koya mana a lokacin dalibinmu kuma har yanzu hakan yana cikin littattafan karatu a yau sune:
- Ina = 1
- V = 5
- LX = 60
- CDL = 450
- MMXVI = 2016
Kuma wannan shi ne, Ina fatan waɗannan ƙa'idodi na lambobin Roman suna bayyana batun ɗan kaɗan :). Idan kana da wata shakka game da alamomin roman ko tare da lambobin Roman, bar mana sharhi don taimaka muku.
Halaye da sha'awar tsarin adadin Roman
A bayyane yake cewa Tsarin adadi na Roman An yi amfani da shi da mutanen da suka rayu a zamanin da Roman Empire. A matsayin babban halayyar da muka samu a cikin wannan tsarin adadi ana amfani da wasu haruffa azaman alamomin lambobi.
Yana da mahimmanci a ambaci cewa lambobin Roman sune a tsarin lambar lambobi. Me muke nufi? Watau, suna da goma, daruruwa, dubbai, da sauransu.
Gaskiya abin ban sha'awa wanda bai kamata mu kasa ambata shi ba shine babu lambar sifili don ayyana rashin wanzuwar abubuwa (wannan lambar an san ta tun zamanin Babila, amma an gabatar da ita ne a matsayin lamba a Indiya a cikin shekarun 900 kuma ya zama sananne ga duniya ta hanyar larabawa, duk da cewa an san cewa sufaye na Dionysius Exiguus da Saint Bede a shekara ta 525 da 725 sunyi amfani da alamar N don wakiltar 0, amma ba a amfani da wannan a yau).
A cikin lambobin Roman babu lambobi marasa kyau ko dai. Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa a halin yanzu ana amfani dasu lamba daban-daban kundin ko littattafan kundin sani (Volume I, Volume II), muna amfani da su don sunayen Sarakuna, Pope da sauran siffofin cocin (Paparoma Benedict na XNUMX), don ayyuka da wuraren kallo daga wasan kwaikwayo ana amfani dashi kuma (Dokar I, Yanayi na 2).
Ana amfani da tsarin adadin Roman a yau don majalisar ganawa, Olympics da sauran abubuwan da suka faru (II Congress of Medicine), muna kuma yin amfani da shi don lambobi na fina-finai daban-daban na wannan saga (Rocky, Rocky II, Rocky III da sauransu), da sauransu.